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There are many technical challenges to realize the myriad of applications envisaged for underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs), in particular, determining the location of each node or localization. While various schemes have been proposed recently, the impact of MAC protocols for localization has not been studied. A MAC protocol that can enable many sensor nodes in large-scale networks to share...
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are being widely deployed and used in sensing, collecting, and disseminating data for various applications in the environmental, industrial, and military sectors. The primary concern in WSNs lies in minimizing the communication between sensor nodes while achieving the desired network operation; thus extending the life time of sensor nodes. In this paper we present an...
To handle the triple hidden terminal problems, this paper proposes OCO, an asynchronous multi-channel MAC protocol with opportunistic cooperation for wireless sensor networks. By adopting opportunistic cooperation, OCO effectively alleviates, if not eliminates, the triple hidden terminal problems. More importantly, OCO is fully distributed with no requirements of time synchronization or multi-radio...
In this paper, we consider a wireless sensor network in a single cell architecture, where a single hop between sensor nodes and central controller node exists. We propose a new medium access control (MAC) protocol and packet transmission scheme between sensor nodes with single antenna and central controller node with multiple antennas. Our scheme is an extension to previous work proposed by Coronel...
A new MAC protocol, ML-MAC(Multi-Layer Medium Access Control) by name, is proposed for dense sensor networks. If the density of nodes in a virtual cluster is high, the cluster header performs the splitting the nodes into several layers. Splitting is done by sending modified ACK messages after receiving the beacon message from the cluster header. Because only the sensor nodes in the same layer communicate...
A Wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of a potentially large number of sensor nodes with wireless-communication capabilities that work collaboratively to achieve a common goal. While every WSN application has specific requirements, there are some common basic services that any WSN must offer in order to support applications. There are available commercial WSN nodes offering such basic services,...
Due to their embedding into an unknown environment, wireless sensor networks are susceptible to adverse environmental conditions. A prime example is external interference, typically caused by 802.11, electric devices or co-located sensor networks, which can drastically influence communication. However, radios on sensor nodes provide multiple channels, which can help to alleviate interference problems...
In this paper, an Urgency-based MAC (U-MAC) protocol, in which sensor nodes reporting urgent health information are given higher priority by cutting-off the number of packet retransmission of sensor nodes with non urgent health information, is proposed. The main consideration of this work is providing Quality of Service (QoS) support in medical wireless sensor networks through differentiating nodal...
Data transmitted in large scale wireless sensor surveillance networks is highly spatial correlated resulting in transmission of redundant data, which increase the energy consumption. So it has been proposed to select a subset of sensors nodes to transmit their data so as to prevent transmission of redundant data. In this paper, we investigate the ways of selecting sensor nodes and develop a novel...
This paper introduces an approach of media access control for reducing collisions in a heterogeneous wireless sensor network, which contains different types of sensor nodes so a sensor fusion technique can be barely applied. Data packets sent to a designated node can cause serious collision due to a funneling effect of network traffic. At lightly loaded networks, our approach uses traditional random...
Since the duty cycle of S-MAC is fixed and longer, it will cause longer idle time and latency of data packets under light loads. To solve these problems we present a new MAC protocol in which the sleep/wakeup schedules of the sensor nodes are adaptively determined, sensor nodes may sleep frequently. And also it minimizes control-packet overhead. Simulation shows that the new MAC is of significant...
We propose a four-layer architecture model (FLAM) to obtain the potential energy savings for sensor nodes in large scale wireless sensor networks. The very first layer, the bottom layer is a network of a resource-constrained sensor nodes deployed in the field. The second layer is ad hoc network formed by resource-rich dynamic sink nodes, also knows as cluster sink nodes. The third layer consists of...
Lifetime extension is a key design issue for wireless sensor networks (WSN) with battery-operated nodes. Compared with direct transmission, transmission power can be significantly reduced by cooperative communication, because it can effectively mitigate multi-path fading by introducing space diversity. In this paper, BER analysis for M-PSK and M-QAM modulation in noncooperative and cooperative situations...
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are often deployed in harsh environments with little human control, thereby necessitating self organizing and maintenance mechanisms for medium sharing and data routing. Moreover, since sensor nodes operate on energy-limited batteries, designing energy-efficient routing techniques that extend the network lifetime is of a paramount importance. In this paper, we propose...
Based on the analysis to the phenomenon and methods of denial-of-sleep attacking in wireless sensor network, a scheme is proposed employing fake schedule switch with RSSI measurement aid. The sensor nodes can reduce and weaken the harm from collision, exhaustion and broadcast attack and on the contrary make the attackers lose their energy quickly so as to die. Simulation results show that at a bit...
Media access control (MAC) protocols of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) must minimize the radio energy costs in sensor nodes. Latency and throughput are also important design features for MAC protocols in the current WSNs applications. But most of them cannot guarantee quality for real-time traffic. This paper studies the state of the art of current real-time MAC protocols, and then introduces a medium...
We describe an improved version of simple polling protocol employed in a wireless sensor network proposed. Although this simple wireless sensor network works efficiently, it is very limited in computing capability. Simple polling protocol works well in situation where every sensor node shares heavy traffic. However, when a few sensor nodes contribute to the traffic, most of the time slots allocated...
In this paper, we propose a variable packet length adaptive MAC Protocol (VPLA-MAC) for wireless sensor networks. VPLA-MAC is designed for clustering hierarchy networks based on the routing information collected from sensor nodes. A sensor node in cluster sends packet length and routing information to cluster head node, this cluster head node calculates the cycle length and selects nodes for data...
In most of the MAC protocols, we only optimize sensor nodes that are within each other's communication range. In some cases this kind of optimization is the local optimization and may affect the other nodes in large scale sensor networks. Moreover, these protocols can't solve the hidden terminal problem drastically; some of them are highly rely on RTS/CTS to avoid it, but it is inefficient. In this...
Energy consumption is one of the most important design criteria in wireless sensor networks. Sensor nodes are expected to be battery-equipped. Due to their working environments, recharging or replacing batteries for each node is difficult and uneconomical. So prolonging the service lifetime of sensor nodes is a critical issue. The MAC protocol for WSNs plays a very important role in the control of...
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