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Regioselectivity was achieved in transition-metal-catalyzed arylation reactions via C–H bond cleavage through the use of chelation-assistance. Palladium, rhodium, and ruthenium complexes proved useful for the development of broadly applicable methodologies for intermolecular direct arylation reactions. These include protocols for direct arylation reactions using aryl chlorides and tosylates as well...
Directed metallation of organic molecules is an important tool for the C–C bond activation since this strategy solves the accessibility problem occurring between a metal and a C–C bond that is to be cleaved. Stability of the five-membered metallacyclic complexes derived from the coordinating substrate and transition metal complexes are a driving force for undergoing the C–C bond activation. In this...
Catalytic asymmetric hydrogenations of prochiral unsaturated compounds, such as olefins, ketones, and imines, have been intensively studied and are considered as a versatile method of the synthesis of chiral compounds due to atom economy and operational simplicity. Since 2002, we mainly focused on synthesis of new phosphorus ligands, asymmetric hydrogenation of heteroaromatic compounds and palladium-catalyzed...
The synthesis of chiral amines by means of catalytic asymmetric reactions is a current challenge in the field of drug discovery and is discussed here in the context of imine arylation. The most recent and relevant developments on the catalytic arylation of activated imine substrates is reviewed. As was the case for the preceding chapter, the use of aryl organoboron reagents is central to this transformation...
Emission control is one of the biggest challenge in today's automotive industry. Emission control can be achieved either by controlling combustion or by treating the exhaust gas. The latter is comparatively easier since there is less or no need to modify the engine itself. One such after treatment method is the use of catalytic converter. But, the 3-way converter is expensive due to use of both platinum...
Hyperspectral imaging is a promising avenue to facilitate detailed continuous regional mapping in the Arctic, if issues such as low illumination and lichen cover on bedrock can be addressed. This study investigates the use of AISA optical airborne hyperspectral imagery to demonstrate the capability of producing detailed maps to highlight ultramafic rock units associated with Ni-Cu-(PGE) mineralization...
This chapter contains sections titled:
Introduction
Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Direct Arylation
Intermolecular Metal‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Arenes
Metal‐Catalyzed Heteroaryl–Aryl and Heteroaryl–Heteroaryl Bond Formation
Direct Arylation via Metallacycles
Cross‐Dehydrogenative Couplings
Summary
References
Summary form only given. Field evaporation (FEV) is the ion emission process in two important tools of nanotechnology, the focused ion beam (FIB) machine and the atom-probe field-ion microscope. Basic FEV theory is well established, but finer details are not. An important parameter is the field FE at which FEV activation energy becomes zero. FE cannot be measured directly, but must be extracted from...
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