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As solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems fueled with natural gas and biogas are applied widely, the capture and utilization of CO2 in SOFC exhaust gas are important issues. This paper proposes a new SOFC system combined with a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) stack, which absorbs renewable electrical power such as solar power and wind power to convert CO2 in SOFC exhaust gas into fuel by electrolysis...
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a device which can convert chemical energy into electrical energy directly, it has great utilization potentiality in the field of environmental monitoring and new energy development. The change of current is used to characterize the change of pollutant concentration. The power density of MFCs is so low and unstable that energyharvesting circuits are needed for real world...
In order to bring the simulation system closer to the actual locomotive run properties, ease to observe locomotive system response in real-time. The fuel cell hybrid locomotive system established in this paper, consists of 150 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) power generation system, DC/DC converter, battery energy store system, three-phase asynchronous traction motor, etc. And designs...
This paper presents a stand-alone hybrid PV/fuel cell system using single-inductor dual-input single-output (SI-DISO) boost converter. Compared to conventional hybrid power system, the proposed system significantly reduce the number of components, the system size and the corresponding cost. A model predictive control (MPC) method has been developed to control the SI-DISO boost converter to achieve...
Energy autonomy is a crucial bottleneck for consumer electronics and low-cost devices that are a pillar for the Internet of Things era. In this work, we present a self-sustainable sensor device that drives an e-paper digital display powered by the energy produced by colonies of electrogenic bacteria in symbiosis with plants. The power management subsystem has been designed to meet the requirements...
In this paper, a hierarchical control of energy management strategy is proposed based on tram hybrid hybrid system. In this strategy, the top strategy achieves the energy distribution between the various systems under different operating conditions by dividing the running status of trams. And the bottom strategy achieves the energy distribution between multiple sets of each energy system. In the bottom...
In order to analyze the relation between the whole efficiency of hybrid system and the total energy loss, this paper acquired the efficiency curve of fuel cell system and the efficiency curve of battery system through theoretical calculation and experimental test. This paper proposed an energy management strategy based on dynamic following coefficient (ECMS_DFC) which could maintain the whole efficiency...
Rising trend towards urbanization has resulted in the emergence of urban buildings as major energy consumers. This has increased the burden on the grid which may eventually result into severely interrupted power supply and outages. In order to assist the over-burdened grid, a modified concept of zero energy buildings (ZEBs), which consist of individual generation systems, has been developed. In order...
For controls of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell (FC) systems, it is desirable to achieve accurate tracking of desired net output power with optimal oxygen excessive ratio (OER). In this paper, a cascaded control framework is proposed for the FC output power tracking problem, which is a sequential combination of a multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) robust nonlinear non-interacting (RNNI) controller...
This paper proposes an energy management strategy for backup supply system which efficiently coordinates power flow among renewable energy resources within the DC microgrid. To ensure reliable power at the supply side, the fuel cell is employed to work as a base-load supply and the lead-acid battery storage is used to buffer the power imbalance between renewable generation and load demand. The fuel...
In a previous study, the authors proposed a fuel cell power system fueled by hydrogen generated from sodium tetrahydroborate. However, the pressure of the hydrogen supplied to a fuel cell stack is fluctuated in the system at the purge operation of the stack. To solve the issue, a purge compensation method have been proposed. In the proposed method, the amount of fuel which can generate the same amount...
This paper presents an overview of various methods used to minimize the fluctuating impacts of power generated from renewable energy sources. Several sources are considered in the study (biomass, wind, solar, hydro and geothermal). Different control methods applied to their control are cited, alongside some previous applications. Hence, it further elaborates on the adoptive control principles, of...
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are a class of fuel cells operating on high temperatures which have the potential to become one of the efficient and cost effective system for direct conversion of a wide variety of fuels to electricity. For proper operation of SOFCs, evaluation of cell stability and optimization of fuel utilization is of paramount importance. In this paper, we have performed experiments...
In order to improve reliability and efficiency of single fuel cell hybrid power system, a system composed of multiple fuel cell modules and supercapacitor is proposed, and the power allocation strategy based on passive control is developed according to the efficiency curve of the fuel cell. In this control strategy the multiple working modes are analyzed and the output powers of fuel cell and supercapacitor...
Thermal management is crucial for safe and efficient operation of fuel cells. The goal of this paper is to algorithmically synthesize a provably-correct controller for a fuel cell thermal management system. For this purpose, we start with developing a control-oriented model for the fuel cell thermal management system and list the associated requirements. Then, we identify some structural properties...
Dark fermentative effluents were used as substrates in Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and the power outputs of MFCs were improved by optimization of influential anodic operational parameters. An initial power density of 1.4 W/m3 was obtained by an enriched mixed electrogenic which was further increased to 5.43 W/m3 by optimization of influential anodic parameters. By utilizing various dark fermentative...
In this paper, a fuel cell/battery hybrid power scaled-system for a low floor light rail vehicle (LF-LRV) is built, which consists of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system, battery bank, DC/DC converters and energy management configuration. In order to avoid the transients and rapid changes of power demand, and achieve high efficiency without degrading the mechanism performance for an...
A hybrid powertrain which composes of multiple power sources including two proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems, two batteries and two supercapacitors (SCs) is presented for 100% LF-LRV tramway with two motor units and one trailer unit. A hybrid system model of LF-LRV tramway is developed, and then a coordination control approach is proposed to coordinate the power demand to each power...
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) exhibits nonlinear output characteristics which may result in low efficiency and low power operation of the PEMFC. Different tracking techniques are used to track the maximum power point (MPP) to extract maximum power and maximum efficiency point (MEP) to operate at maximum efficiency. However, the output power and efficiency of the PEMFC should be high for...
This paper presents a community microgrid with renewable generation, storage, and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV) that are used when renewable sources are scarce. To fairly distribute the demand for FCEV power among cars, a Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) power scheduling mechanism is implemented using as a criterion the number of times every car has been started up for power generation. It can be concluded...
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