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Summary In this chapter, we discuss the epidemiology, etiology, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diarrhea in immunocompetent persons. The features of small intestinal and ileocolonic disease as related to possible causative agents are presented. Additionally, there is an emphasis on specific pathogens, with a comprehensive review of viral, bacterial, and parasitic causes of diarrhea...
3D structured illumination microscopy (SIM) was used to image pores in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells that separate blood plasma from cells and debris before the plasma encounters the underlying hepatocytes. These structures have previously only been accessible to electron microscopy, but somewhat hampered by its low throughput, sample fixation, and the difficulty to simultaneously label multiple...
The paper present design from the use of Desktop Virtual Reality in Genetic of Bacteria and Viruses, develop Interactive Teaching System about "Mechanism and Process of Conjugation", "Uptake and Integration of DNA", "Specialized Transduction" and "Mechanism and Process of Sexduction". Modeling Technique adopts 3DMax and Desktop Virtual Reality Technique adopts...
Presently, an estimated 35 million people are living with HIV, 300 million with Hepatitis C (HCV), with thousands of human fatalities registered ever day due to these and similar infectious diseases. Efficient, reliable, inexpensive medical solutions are therefore needed to tackle these issues. Identification of HIV and HCV is however not easy. Being significantly smaller than cells and bacteria,...
β-ketoacyl-ACP synthetase II (KAS II) which catalyzes the elongation of 16:0-ACP to 18:0-ACP, determines the ratio of palmitic acid (16:0) to stearic acid (18:0). Using Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) and a peanut cDNA library we had previously constructed, we isolated a 1867bp cDNA of the KAS II gene containing a 1212bp complete open reading fragment (ORF). Sequence analysis revealed that...
Summary form only given. Utilizing plasma to achieve sterilization is an alternative to conventional sterilization means as far as sterilization of heat-sensitive materials and innocuity of sterilizing agents are concerned. Plasma sterilization is a surface sterilization process due to the limited ability of electrons and charged particles and/or VUV/UV emission generated during the plasma generation...
Summary form only given. Aqueous environments are susceptible to contamination by bacteria, protozoa and viruses, which are the root cause of various illnesses. These contaminations are usually treated by chemical methods. Recently, attempts have been made to inactivate bacteria in water with non-thermal plasmas using various approaches, e.g., a pulsed streamer discharge plasma or a gliding arc discharge...
In this paper a novel technique is developed to classify White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) inclusion bodies found in shrimp tissues by the analysis of digitalized images from infected samples. Since the early 90's, WSSV has been affecting the economy of shrimp producers around the world restraining aquaculture production. Once the clinical signs are developed; mortality can reach 100% in 3 days. Several...
A mathematical model describing the immune response to HBV infection was established. The immune reaction effect included both humoral and cellular immune response. Why the immune system failed to eliminate the virus was explained by the equilibrium state analysis result that the immune response was not strong enough to resolve the HBV infection. Simulations were made to show the wide variety of clinical...
This paper addresses the capacitance estimation for an immunosensor chip (ISC). It is known that the capacitance of an antibody, or other ligand such as an scFv molecule, changes when it binds with an antigen. If the sensor plane of the ISC is coated with an array of a specific receptor or ligand that binds to the protein on the virus, then the diseased cells can be detected, captured, and dealt with...
Viruses are devastating pathogens of humans, animals, and plants and virus infection mechanism is an important subject of virology and pathology research. To further our understanding of how viruses use the resource of infected cells, we systematically tested virus-yeast PPI network for the effect of virus perturbation on host proteins. Two viruses used in our study interact with vastly different...
Based on the clinical date of the lamivudine plus adevovir divipolix (combination therapy) for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients and the HBV infection dynamic model proposed by Nowak et al., this paper sets up a mathematical model consisting of two differential equation systems that enable us to describe and understand the dynamics of host cells, virus and the immune system. Our model provide...
Two algorithms are described for electron microscopy tasks: (1) 3-D reconstruction of an infectious bacteriophage, including the tail, based on a set of single-particle cryo electron microscopy images of identical phage particles with one image per particle and (2) restoration, resolution enhancement, and classification of spherical viruses in a cell based on a tomographic reconstruction of the entire...
Summary form only given. For root canal disinfection, the principal methods include mechanic cleaning, irrigation, laser irradiation, ultrasound, application of hypochlorite, and other anti-bacterial compounds. Clinic studies show that there are about 10% of treatment failures when the traditional disinfection methods are used. The failures are mainly due to the presence of bacteria, which can't be...
A novel, portable water purification device was developed that utilizes UV radiation at 254 nm as its primary mode of disinfection. This wavelength has been proven to deactivate all known bacteria, viruses, and protozoan water contaminants. The device operated solely on the power provided from a mechanical-electrical hand crank generator. The device proved effective in a study using E.coli as the...
This research presents a multi agent model to estimate and predict the spread of Avian Influenza (AI) in various attributes and environments in a given population. AI can be transmitted by air and is a critical hazard to birds, especially chickens and ducks. The virus occurs naturally in birds and is capable of being transmitted from an infected bird to another. It is conceivable that AI could be...
The conversion of symbolic nucleotide sequences into digital signals allows applying signal processing methods to analyze genomic data. The method works well for the study of small genomic sequences, such as in the genomes of viruses and bacteria, and is adequate for monitoring their variability and tracking the development of drug resistance. The paper is based on data downloaded from NIH GenBank,...
The concept of a novel biosensing system for the detection of bacteria and bacterial growth that could potentially offer shorter detection periods, specificities, and higher sensitivities compared with conventional methods is briefly described. The proposed biosensing microsystem uses magnetotactic bacteria that can be controlled by software and a microelectronic circuit embedded in the detection...
Ongoing development in nanotechnology and biology would enable the construction of nanorobot - nanoscale biomolecular system or NMES. Current techniques and methods in the construction of nanorobot have some limits and shortcomings, such as size, stability, robustness, biocompatibility and so on. The present work proposed the assumption that constructs nanorobot merely by biological components, discussed...
This paper describes the detection of vesicular stomatitis virus using a novel capacitive immunosensor technology, whereby the respective antibodies for the antigens were used as a means for chemical detection on separate sensors. Devices were fabricated using standard etching and metal plating techniques, followed by immobilization of antibodies. Detection of antigen was performed by measuring voltage...
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