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The ITU-T H.264/MPEG-4 Part 10 Advanced Video Coding standard provides a reduction up to 50% of the bitstream rate if compared to previous standards. Among the innovation presented we should highlight the CABAC entropy coding (Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding), which shows a reduction of 9% to 14% in the bit-stream rate, when compared to the CAVLC basic entropy coding. The strictly...
Real-time video compression applications such as Digital Video Camera (DVC), Television Studio Broadcast, and Surveillance video utilize the H.264/AVC video encoder in intra-only encoding mode. The H.264/AVC standard supports multiple intra-prediction modes to reduce spatial redundancy in the video frame. The intra-prediction process for a current pixels block requires the reconstructed pixels from...
This paper presents multiple stage transform (MST) and its supporting tools. It is called MST Environment (MST_Env), which can provide better coding efficiency than any other international video coding standards such as H.264/AVC. Compared to H.264/AVC, the improvements can bring on average 4.31% coding gain in high profile, with average coding gain of 5.64% for HD sequences.
Extended variable-length mode coding (EVLC), which dynamically creates code words for coding modes by taking account of the spatio-temporal correlations, is proposed. Experimental results show that EVLC achieves average bitrate reduction of 2.29% and a maximum bit-rate reduction of 6.84% compared to H.264/AVC with negligible increase in computational time.
The purpose of this paper is to improve allocation of the number of bits without skipping the frame by accurately estimating the target bits in H.264/AVC rate control. In our scheme, we propose an enhancement method of the target frame rate based H.264/AVC bit allocation. The enhancement uses a frame complexity estimation to improve the existing mean absolute difference (MAD) complexity measurement...
In this paper, an improved deblocking filter for intra blocks is proposed. By applying different strength of deblocking filter adaptively to intra blocks based on intra prediction mode, the proposed method not only improves visual quality but also achieves coding performance.
In this paper, an efficient search center definition algorithm is proposed for H.264/AVC. H.264/AVC achieved high coding efficiency by introducing some new coding tools including a new definition of the search center. However, the definition of the search center is not efficient in the case of significant motions. This work proposes some new search center candidates using spatial and temporal correlations...
H.264/AVC employs intra prediction to reduce spatial redundancy between neighboring blocks. Different directional prediction modes are used to cater diversified video content. Although it achieves quite high coding efficiency, it is desirable to analyze its drawbacks in the existing video coding standard, since it allows us to design better ones. Basically, even after intra prediction, the residue...
Today, video applications on handheld devices become more and more popular. Due to limited computational capability of handheld devices, complexity constrained video coding draws much attention. In this paper, a medium-granularity computational complexity control (MGCC) is proposed for H.264/AVC. First, a large dynamic range in complexity is achieved by taking 16×16 motion estimation in a single reference...
In this paper, a rate-distortion optimized variable block transform coding scheme is proposed based on a hierarchical structured transform for macroblock (MB) coding with a set of the order-4 and -8 integer cosine transform (ICT) kernels of H.264/AVC as well as a new order-16 ICT kernel. The set of order-4, -8 and -16 ICT kernels are applied for inter-predictive coding in square (4 × 4, 8 × 8 or 16...
Video transmission over error prone channels, such as typical for Mobile TV or IPTV systems, is constantly subject to research. Simulation is an important instrument to evaluate performance of the overall system, but the multitude of parameters often requires large and time-consuming simulation sets. In this paper, we present a mechanism for fast evaluation of error-prone H.264/AVC and SVC video transmission...
Motion compensation with quarter-pel accuracy was added to H.264/AVC to improve the coding efficiency of images exhibiting fractional-pel movement. To enlarge the reference pictures, a fixed 6-tap filter is used. However, the values of the filter coefficients are constant regardless of the characteristic of the input video. An improved interpolation filter, called the Adaptive Interpolation Filter...
Depending on the content of a video sequence and the settings used for encoding it, the amount of bits spent for the transmission of motion vector information can be enormous and in some cases even take the largest fraction of the bit rate. This is not always necessary since often wide areas, i.e. background or large foreground regions, fit the same global motion. Additionally, a global motion model...
This paper proposes a new method for improving direct prediction scheme that has been employed in conventional video coding standards such as AVC/H.264. We extend direct prediction concept to achieve better adaptation to local statistics of video source with the assumption of the use of larger motion blocks than conventional macroblock size. Firstly, our direct prediction method introduces block adaptive...
The paper presents two effective rate-estimation metrics called the DCT-based texture-abundance (DTA) metric and the subband-weighted energy (SWE) for the rate controls of inter-coded-frame and intra-coded frame in H.264/AVC, respectively. In order to generally meet the one-pass processing constraint in H.264 video coding, the rate controller is bound to use the DTA estimate predicted from the nearest...
Inspired by Witsenhausen and Wyner's 1980 (now expired) patent on “interframe coder for video signals”, this paper presents a Witsenhausen-Wyner video codec, where the previously decoded video frame is used at the decoder as side information for joint decoding. Specifically, we replace the predictive Inter coding in H.264/AVC by the syndrome-based coding scheme of Wistenhausen and Wyner, while keeping...
A novel intra coding scheme is proposed to improve coding performance in intra pictures of H.264/AVC. The proposed method generates two sub-images, which are defined as a sampled image and a prediction error image in this paper, from an original image, and then encodes them separately. Especially, in an intra prediction process of encoding, the sampled image employs the original intra prediction modes,...
AVS-Part 2 is a mainstream video coding standard with high compression efficiency similar to H.264/AVC. A technique named Second Order Prediction (SOP) has been presented based on H.264/AVC to decrease the signal correlation after motion-compensated prediction. To achieve better coding performance, this paper presents a method named Block-based Second Order Prediction (BSOP) to ameliorate SOP to adapt...
This paper describes a low complexity video codec with high coding efficiency. It was proposed to the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standardization effort of MPEG and VCEG, and has been partially adopted into the initial HEVC Test Model under Consideration design. The proposal utilizes a quad-tree structure with a support of large macroblocks of size 64×64 and 32×32, in addition to macroblocks...
The use of Flexible Macroblock Ordering (FMO) in H.264/AVC as an error-resilient tool incurs extra overhead bits that reduces coding efficiency at low bit rate. To improve coding efficiency, we present an improved frame-layer H.264/AVC rate control that takes into consideration the effects of using FMO for video transmission. In this paper, we propose a new header bits model, an enhanced frame complexity...
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