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Viterbi detectors are widely used in data recording channels in the timing loop as well as in the digital back end before error-correction decoding to detect data in the presence of inter-symbol interference (ISI) and noise. Further, soft reliability values assist in the decoding of outer codes. The state-of-the-art implementations of the Viterbi algorithm are synchronous which consider the ‘worst-case’...
Space-time trellis codes (STTCs) combine channel coding and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques to provide coding and diversity gains for wireless communication systems. The decoding complexity is extremely high because of the high density of branch metric calculations. Thus, this study presents a state-purging mechanism based on the T-algorithm to reduce the computational complexity...
A computational complexity analysis of matrix inversion used in soft-input soft-output minimum mean square error (MMSE) MIMO detectors and a comprehensive literature comparison of corresponding VLSI implementations are presented. They indicate that the application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) proposed in this paper is — to the best of our knowledge — the most area-throughput efficient VLSI architecture...
This paper proposes the application of the stochastic decoding approach for joint decoding of Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes and Partial-Response (PR) channels. It shows how the computationally-intensive operations required in the PR channel detection can be performed using simple circuitry in the stochastic domain. Performance results of the stochastic approach are compared against conventional...
Binary Translation technology is used to convert binary code of one Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) into another. This technology can solve the software-inheritance problem and ISA-compatibility between different computers architecture. In this paper, we describe BTMD (Binary Translation based Malcode Detector), a novel framework that exploits static and dynamic binary translation features to detect...
A power/area aware design is mandatory for the MIMO (Multi-Input Multi-Output) detectors used in LTE and WiMAX standards. The 64-QAM modulation used in the MIMO detector requires more detection effort compared to the smaller constellation sizes widely implemented in the literature. In this work we propose a new architecture for the K-best detector, which unlike the popular multi-stage architecture...
This paper presents a prototype of a high-throughput 4 × 4 64-QAM MIMO receiver consisting of a channel matrix QR decomposition, a soft-output K-Best MIMO detector and a Convolutional Turbo Code decoder. The proposed MIMO receiver provides low processing latency and a pipelined architecture scalable to a larger number of antennas and constellation order. Therefore, it is suitable for LTE-Advanced...
Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless technology is the key to meet the demands for data rate, quality-of-service, and bandwidth-efficiency of modern wireless communication systems. MIMO technology is therefore adopted in many recent communication standards, such as IEEE 802.11n. Here, the MIMO detector has a strong impact on the overall system performance. In fact, the full potential of...
Recently q-ary Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes have been used to achieve performance close to the channel capacity in different channel environments, from satellite communications to magnetic data storage systems. Design of receivers employing these codes for transmissions over channels affected by InterSymbol Interference (ISI) is still an open issue. In fact, detection-and-decoding systems...
MIMO wireless technology is required to increase the data rates for a broad range of applications, including low cost mobile devices. In this paper we present a very low area reconfigurable MIMO detector which achieves a high throughput of 103Mbps and uses 27 Kilo Gates when implemented in a commercial 180nm CMOS process. The low area is achieved by the proposed in-place architecture. This architecture...
The maximum likelihood (ML) detection is the optimal detection method for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems. The normal K-best sphere decoding algorithm (SDA) can guarantee a fixed throughput, but it induces a large bit error rate (BER) degradation. In order to achieve close-to-ML performance, the K value needs to be sufficiently large. Thus, it needs large computation with...
The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard is becoming the appropriate choice to pave the way for the next generation wireless and cellular standards. While the popular OFDM technique has been adopted and implemented in previous standards and also in the LTE downlink, it suffers from high peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR). High PAPR requires more sophisticated...
LTE advanced standardization discusses OFDMA uplink transmission, which allows for different receiver algorithms than the DFT-spread OFDMA uplink in LTE. We present a hybrid MMSE/QRD-M turbo receiver concept for 4times4 MIMO-OFDMA uplink in LTE Advanced, running the complete baseband and decoding functionality on a Cell BE processor. Multi-user MIMO with different modulation levels on the same resources...
MIMO systems (with multiple transmit and receive antennas) are becoming increasingly popular, and many next-generation systems such as WiMAX, 3-GPP LTE and IEEE802.11n wireless LANs relay on the increased throughput of MIMO systems with up to four antennas at receiver and transmitter. High throughput implementation of the detection unit for MIMO systems is a significant challenge especially for higher...
Upcoming wireless communication standards such as 802.11 n, WiMax etc require support for multiple modulation schemes. These standards all have multiple transmit and receive antennas(MIMO). Hence, the MIMO detector hardware should be able to accommodate different modulation schemes preferably on a single reconfigurable architecture. This paper presents an high performance FPGA implementation of a...
MIMO systems (with multiple transmit and receive antennas) are becoming increasingly popular, and many next-generation systems such as WiMAX, 3-GPP LTE and IEEE802.11 n wireless LANs rely on the increased throughput of MIMO systems with up to four antennas at receiver and transmitter. High throughput implementation of the detection unit for MIMO systems is a significant challenge. This challenge becomes...
This paper aims to improve the design of iterative detection and decoding (IDD) based on the soft interference cancellation with minimum mean squared error (SC-MMSE) detector, which shows low performance compared to the maximum a posteriori (MAP) detector. Such low performance is attributed to that the "pure" (original) turbo principle is not always best for IDD with SC-MMSE. Thus, we propose...
Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system is a key technology for future high speed wireless communication standards like 802.11n, WIGWAM, and WiMax. These standards require support for multiple modulation and coding schemes. Hence, the receiver hardware should be able to accomodate these schemes preferably on a single reconfigurable architecture. Current MIMO detector implementations are constrained...
Maximum likelihood (ML) detector is the optimal detector for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems. K-best decoding algorithm can achieve sub-optimal ML performance with reduced complexity. In this paper we present a novel dual mode architecture for implementation of K-best algorithm. The proposed architecture is fully parallel and can support both QPSK and 16-QAM modulation...
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