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The electricity demand increases by the increasing of population throughout the world, which causes several problems in the present grid system resulting from various causes such as the loss of electric charge, voltage unbalance, etc. which ultimately affects consumers. Moreover, the use of the conventional means to generate electricity cannot meet the needs of consumers in this growing demand for...
This paper presents a study which investigates the impact of cross-border electricity transmission capacity, as well as of generation capacity, on network reliability. Monthly empirical data on network reliability and generation and cross-border transmission capacities from 18 different European countries for a time span of 10 years is used. Results show how a higher sum of remaining generation margin...
The fundamental way of operating the power grid has not changed for the past century. It has remained essentially the same, although the number of consumers and their needs have grown exponentially. Utilities across the world are trying to figure out how to bring the network into the 21st century and the digital computer age. This effort will make the power grid more intelligent; the latter is broadly...
Title XIII Section 1301 on the Smart Grid, as passed by the U.S. Congress in 2007, declares that is “the policy of the United States to support the modernization of the Nation's electricity transmission and distribution system to maintain a reliable and secure electricity infrastructure that can meet future demand growth…”. Demand Response in its various forms is readily understood to fit well within...
The paper reports on the potential challenges and opportunities of an electric power trans-Canadian grid (TCG). The report, which is the first stage of a broad research project on the TCG, identifies and examines the main issues from a qualitative view point and sets the stage for further quantitative analysis. The paper evaluates the competitive advantage of a TCG to meet established planning and...
In deregulated electricity market, the power marketers share a common transmission network for transferring power from generating station to distribution station. All the market participants, in the open access environment wants to maximize their profit, so they try to obtain the electrical energy from the cheapest source, which may lead to congestion in the transmission network and affect the system...
Smart grids are becoming an important issue in the future power system network configurations. Main goal of smart grid is to intelligently integrate the behavior and actions of all users connected to it. There are many researches dealing with the implementation of a self-healed, reliable, sustainable, economic, safe and highly efficient power system network. Many new challenges try to solve the problems...
Grid communications and control systems are often thought to be much more securely protected than is actually the case. An effective remedial program begins with a thorough and clear-eyed assessment of all vulnerabilities; especially to malware and intrusions. Both the importance and difficulty of protecting power systems have long been recognized. The critical assets that must be accounted for include...
In principle, a electricity transmission network security standard that is established within a risk-based framework is superior over the deterministic approach, usually presented in the form of an N-k type rule, as it balances more accurately the reliability (and other) benefits against operation and investment costs incurred to deliver these benefits. However, in the absence of advance technology...
This paper introduces a new and separated market for the trading of Demand Response (DR) in a restructured power system. This market is called Demand Response eXchange or shortly DRX, in which DR is treated as a virtual resource to be exchanged between DR buyers and sellers. Buyers - including the Transmission System Operator (TSO), distributors, and retailers - need DR to improve the efficiency and...
This paper describes an analysis of some of the challenges facing one portion of the Electrical Smart Grid in the United States - residential Demand Response (DR) systems. The purposes of this paper are twofold: 1) to discover risks to residential DR systems and 2) to illustrate an architecture-based analysis approach to uncovering risks that span a collection of technical and social concerns. The...
People of the world are now fully aware of the importance of measures against global warming. It raises high expectations for clean power generation and advanced technologies. In this regard, Smart Grid, which effectively controls supply and demand of electric power by information technology, is a leading tool for developing a “new town”. Although many aspects of such new town have been observed recently...
In restructured power systems there are many independent players who benefit from Demand Response (DR). These include the Independent System Operator (ISO), distributors, retailers, and aggregators. This paper proposes a new concept- Demand Response eXchange (DRX)-in which DR is treated as a public good to be exchanged between DR buyers and sellers. Buyers need DR to improve the reliability of their...
This paper examines the role of transmission system operator (TSO) in the context of energy security, using Poland as an example. Analysis of the role of TSO in ensuring energy security in legal, technical and economical domain is shown. Moreover, the evaluation of possibilities and effectiveness of solution applied in Poland for TSO from a point of view assurance of energy security is described.
This article deals with the challenges in reliability, security, efficiency, and resilience of energy infrastructure for a smart self-healing electric power grid. The electricity grid faces three looming challenges: its organization, its technical ability to meet 25 year and 50 year electricity needs, and its ability to increase its efficiency without diminishing its reliability and security. These...
A critical infrastructure (CI) consists of those physical and information technology facilities, networks, services and assets which, if disrupted or destroyed, have a serious impact on the health, safety, security or economic well-being of citizens or the effective functioning of governments. Nowadays, the operation controls of these infrastructures have been computerized and have gradually become...
With the development of high rate data transmission technology via distribution line communication, the electric power, data, voice and video can be transferred in the same electric power distribution network, and the technology will be put in operation widely in the future. However the traditional technology of power line communication is not adaptable to the complex and harsh environment of distribution...
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