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Battery management system (BMS) is an integral part of the electric vehicle (EV) and the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV).The BMS performs the tasks by integrating one or more of the functions, such as sampling the voltages of the battery cells and the temperatures in the battery module, sampling the voltage of the battery, sampling the current of the battery, as well as cells balancing and determining...
Because of overcharge for Li-ion battery is forbidden, there is no natural mechanism to equalize the difference among the cells, so effective balancing method is required to improve the performance of battery and prolong its life time. There are two classifications of balancing methods: passive balancing and active balancing. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of these two methods are...
An integral battery charger is proposed for an electric scooter with Li-Ion batteries and Interior-permanent-magnet (IPM) traction motor. The battery charger is integrated in the power hardware of the scooter, with the IPM traction drive that operates as three-phase dc-dc converter with power factor correction (PFC) capability. The control of the PFC battery charger is also integrated into the traction...
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