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Sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCA) are associated with an increased risk for specific learning disorders (SLD). Individuals with Klinefelter Syndrome (KS) show an increased incidence of developmental dyslexia and individuals with Turner Syndrome (TS) are often affected by developmental dyscalculia. Accordingly, KS frequently coincides with verbal deficits, and TS with visual–spatial impairments. Though...
The pathogenesis of Turner syndrome (TS) and the genotype–phenotype relationship has been thoroughly investigated during the last decade. It has become evident that the phenotype seen in TS does not only depend on simple gene dosage as a result of X chromosome monosomy. The origin of TS specific comorbidities such as infertility, cardiac malformations, bone dysgenesis, and autoimmune diseases may...
Turner syndrome (TS), a genetic condition affecting roughly 1 in 2,000 females, is caused by a complete or partial loss of the second sex chromosome. This special issue of the American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C is a collection of research and clinical care reviews in TS from an international group of physician and scientist leaders who attended the 2018 “Turner Network Resource Symposium:...
It is now generally agreed that there are inherent sex differences in healthy individuals across a number of neurobiological domains (including brain structure, neurochemistry, and cognition). Moreover, there is a burgeoning body of evidence highlighting sex differences within neuropsychiatric populations (in terms of the rates of incidence, clinical features/progression, neurobiology and pathology)...
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