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Measuring circulating glucocorticoids is a widely used method to assess stress in animals. However, hormones must be sampled within the first few minutes of capture, which makes it difficult to discriminate between hormone baseline levels and the levels caused by capture and handling stress. The use of white blood cell (WBC) counts made from blood smears represents an alternate method for measuring...
In high latitudes, thermoregulatory and behavioural adjustments of birds allow survival under extreme ambient temperatures, changing day length, and food availability. In such habitats with such fluctuating environmental conditions, dominant individuals in social species often monopolise safe microhabitats and food resources, which may lead to greater levels of stress in subordinates. The results...
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