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Internet of Things (IoT) can improve the lives of millions of people. In IoT the smart objects are converted from physical to virtual world to connect with Internet. The IoT enables smart objects to observe, identify, and understand the world without intervention of human-being (Machine-to-Machine communication: M2M). Due to the increasing interest of IoT, M2M, and wireless sensor applications the...
Wireless sensor networks are made up of number of self governing sensors which are spread throughout a large area to examine physical and environmental conditions, such as temperature, humidty and pressure which mutually assist each other to send their data through the network to a user's location. The WSNs are made up of "nodes" with number of nodes varying from just a few to several hundreds...
The Wireless Sensor networks (WSNs) consist of sensor nodes which are deployed in environment where the exhausted batteries of nodes are difficult to charge or replace. Main problem in WSNs is Energy consumption which is caused due to overhearing, idle listening, redundant transmission and collisions. To improve the energy efficiency of WSNs different protocols are designed. Efficient Multi-hop Broadcast...
In recent development, the use of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) to handle more complex functions is increasing drastically which in turns requires their powered battery sensors to efficiently utilise their energy in order to prolong the network lifetime for the heterogeneous nodes. Clustering is one of the techniques used to optimise this energy consumption and increasing the network lifetime as well...
Diversified applications of wireless sensor networks demand reliable data transmission, which generally experiences limited performance owing to the inherent resource constraints of sensor nodes. Estimated round trip time is one of the prominent aspects of reliable transmissions that possesses a potential to enhance the performance sustaining the resource constraints. Therefore, we have already proposed...
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are being widely deployed and used in sensing, collecting, and disseminating data for various applications in the environmental, industrial, and military sectors. The primary concern in WSNs lies in minimizing the communication between sensor nodes while achieving the desired network operation; thus extending the life time of sensor nodes. In this paper we present an...
Wireless sensor networks are equipped with batteries with limited charge, and are often deployed in conditions that make their retrieval and replacement infeasible. Thus, energy conservation has been a primary consideration for protocol design for such networks. Recent advancements in the transfer of energy wirelessly over large distances, such as through radio frequency electromagnetic (EM) waves...
To handle the triple hidden terminal problems, this paper proposes OCO, an asynchronous multi-channel MAC protocol with opportunistic cooperation for wireless sensor networks. By adopting opportunistic cooperation, OCO effectively alleviates, if not eliminates, the triple hidden terminal problems. More importantly, OCO is fully distributed with no requirements of time synchronization or multi-radio...
In this paper, we consider a wireless sensor network in a single cell architecture, where a single hop between sensor nodes and central controller node exists. We propose a new medium access control (MAC) protocol and packet transmission scheme between sensor nodes with single antenna and central controller node with multiple antennas. Our scheme is an extension to previous work proposed by Coronel...
In a wireless sensor network (WSN) with specially deployed cluster heads (CHs), association relation between sensor nodes and the CHs is important as it affects the radio resource allocations, which further determine the overall network throughput, energy consumption, and other performance. In a lot of cases, the CHs are placed in random locations, and strong overlapping may exist between their coverage...
Continuous improvement in hardware design and advances in wireless communication have enabled the deployment of various wireless sensor applications. Though, sensor nodes are highly resource constrained in terms of limited processing speed, runtime memory, persistent storage, communication bandwidth and finite energy. Flash memory has become a more widespread storage medium for modern wireless devices...
Maximizing the battery life time of mobile devices and sensor nodes increasingly becomes a challenge, and receiver power consumption tends to become more problematic than delivering adequate transmit power. We address the challenge of achieving the highest possible throughput per Watt of receiver circuit power. Our results show that optimum and adaptive tuning of the front-end parameters of the receiver...
This paper studies the joint OFDMA resource allocation and QoS routing problem in a hybrid wireless network, which includes an OFDMA based cellular network and an ad-hoc network with many sensor nodes. In such application, each sensor node generates certain amount of data that need to be sent to cellular base station (BS). The cellular nodes act as gateway to forward all the uplink traffic. We formulate...
Recent work shows that sink mobility along a constrained path can improve the energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks. However, due to the path constraint, a mobile sink with constant speed has limited communication time to collect data from the sensor nodes deployed randomly. This poses significant challenges in simultaneously improving the amount of data collected and prolonging network lifetime...
This paper introduces an approach of media access control for reducing collisions in a heterogeneous wireless sensor network, which contains different types of sensor nodes so a sensor fusion technique can be barely applied. Data packets sent to a designated node can cause serious collision due to a funneling effect of network traffic. At lightly loaded networks, our approach uses traditional random...
The convergent feature of traffic in wireless body area networks (WBANs) makes congestion in certain areas which are the place of events and/or the location of sensor nodes near a sink. Congestion brings packet loss, retransmission, and delay at the node and it also causes the consumption of additional energy. Therefore there is no doubt that congestion needs to be controlled efficiently. In this...
We study the scaling capacity of wireless sensor networks in case of multiple gateways are presented. In such a heterogeneous network, many gateways are needed to gather data from the sensor nodes in network. Different from the previously studied single-gateway model, our proposed gateway access model allows multiple gateway nodes being seamlessly connected with high speed wire-line or wide-band radios...
From agriculture to industry, from the office to our homes, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are becoming a part of everyday life in many application areas. In typical WSN applications, the sensor nodes are fixed and interconnected amongst each other and to the outside world on a permanent basis. However, in certain types of applications, where the area to sense is wide and sensors are sparsely distributed,...
This project presents the performance analysis of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) used in the high-end applications such as weapons sensor ship, biomedical applications, habitat sensing and seismic monitoring. Recently WSN also focuses on national security applications and consumer applications. This project shall demonstrate the performance of WSN models, which are created and simulated using QualNet...
According to the widely used IEEE 802.15.4, one of the most effective ways to reduce the power consumption of sensor nodes is to enable the optional sleep mode by radio shutdown. In this paper, we propose an extended Markov-based analytical model for IEEE 802.15.4 slotted carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) algorithm considering the newly enabled sleep mode. For taking account...
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