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In recent development, the use of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) to handle more complex functions is increasing drastically which in turns requires their powered battery sensors to efficiently utilise their energy in order to prolong the network lifetime for the heterogeneous nodes. Clustering is one of the techniques used to optimise this energy consumption and increasing the network lifetime as well...
Due to the limitation of the energy, the performances and applications were constrained of the pure batteries powered wireless sensor networks (WSNs). WSNs with energy harvesting extracting energy from the surrounding environment, supplement energy to the sensor nodes, can be significant prolong the lifespan of WSNs, or even make WSNs running for perpetual. In order to determine the node energy harvesting...
Recently many Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)-based agriculture monitoring systems have been implemented mostly for developed countries. WSN in these monitoring systems uses tree topology and multi-hop dynamic flooding routing protocol that are not energy efficient and has a single point of failure. Though some protocols use zone-based routing they consider that a large number of sensors are deployed...
In this paper, a novel secure routing protocol is proposed for wireless sensor networks in which sensor nodes as well as the base station are mobile. The protocol achieves security property through symmetric key cryptography and threshold key cryptography. An analysis of the security strengths of the protocol is presented. Simulation results show the throughput of the proposed protocol and a comparison...
For the weakness in the cluster head election of LEACH algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network(WSN),We propose an improved algorithm based on LEACH from point of view that regional energy balance of the network. Proposed algorithm can make the node that has more remaining energy to serve as the cluster head(CH). Meanwhile, when the sensor nodes choose the CHs, it will depend on not only the distance...
Wireless sensor network is a promising technique in the near future, but energy-constrained characteristic of sensor nodes is one of the key issues that we must consider in designing. In this paper, a cluster-based virtual V-BLAST transmission scheme is proposed for energy-constrained wireless sensor networks. Compared to previous work, there are two new aspects in this scheme. Firstly, the proposed...
LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) is a clustering-based protocol that utilizes randomized rotation of the cluster-heads to evenly distribute the energy load among the sensor nodes in the network. This classical protocol has been widely used in wireless sensor network (WSN). However, it has the disadvantage of irrationality of electing cluster-head and of unbalanced energy consumption...
A wireless sensor network consists of hundreds or thousands of low cost, small wireless sensor nodes which allow users to monitor a variety of remote environments. In this paper, a novel cluster-head selection algorithm is presented and analyzed which uses the minimum mean distance between sensor nodes as a selection parameter. The proposed algorithm has clear advantages and takes 1.2 times longer...
Design an energy efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor network is a very important issue because of the constrained energy of sensor nodes. In this paper, an energy efficient routing protocol (VBT-EBHRP) is proposed. In this protocol, a virtual backbone tree is constructed and based on the virtual backbone tree, a routing tree is constructed. The residual energies of the virtual backbone...
Clustering is a widely discussed as an important architecture for data centric wireless sensor networks. Low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH), proposed in past, is used as benchmark scheme by many proposals and its performance is widely studied in the literature, over last few years. The probabilistic and randomized clusterhead selection strategy results in variable number of clusterheads...
Wireless sensor network consists of hundreds or thousands of tiny sensor nodes, which can monitor remote environment and it's useful in military and civilian applications. The limitation of the batteries of sensor nodes necessitates that the energy efficiency is a key issue in WSN. We proposed a novel protocol LEACH-L based on the geographical location of nodes, which improves the LEACH on its clustering...
PEGASIS, a chain-based protocol, forms chains from sensor nodes so that each node transmits and receives from a neighbor. In this way, only one node (known as a HEAD) is selected from that chain to transmit to the sink. Although PEGASIS is able to balance the workload among all of the nodes by selecting the HEAD node in turn, a considerable amount of energy may be wasted when nodes which are far away...
Nodes in wireless sensor networks(WSNs) are tiny and energy-limited,so in order to enhance the entire network lifetime, this paper puts forward a novel energy efficient redundant routing tree(EE-RRT) algorithm for wireless sensir networks. EE-RRT has three obvious features: Firstly, it improves virtual grid ideas to divide each cluster into MtimesN square area and select a working node in each grid...
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been widely studied and usefully employed in many applications such as monitoring environment, embedded system and so on. In WSNs, substantial nodes are deployed randomly over the entire desired area; therefore, the sensing regions of different nodes may be partially overlapped. This is referred to as the sensing coverage problem. In this paper we first define...
A novel cluster-head selection algorithm using the minimum mean distance between sensor nodes as a selection parameter for wireless sensor networks is presented. The proposed algorithm takes 1.65 times longer to reach the point where 50% sensor nodes remain alive, and achieves 1.33 times longer overall network lifetime than the low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy protocol (LEACH) while maintaining...
This paper extends the conditions of the cluster-based routing protocols in terms of general algorithm complexity of data fusion, general compressing ratio of data fusion, and network area with long distance. Corresponding three general evaluation methods to evaluate the energy efficiency of the cluster-based routing protocols such as LEACH, PEGASIS, and BCDCP are provided. Moreover, three facts are...
Wireless sensor networks have been widely studied and usefully employed in many applications such as medical monitoring, automotive safety and space applications. Typically, sensor nodes have several limitations such as limited battery life, low computational capability, short radio transmission range and small memory space. However, the most severe constraint of the nodes is their limited energy...
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