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Environmental concerns on the negative impact and depletion of fossil fuels have triggered a search for alternative energy sources. Biofuels are recognised as one of the most potential renewable alternatives. In order to have a sustainable production of biofuels, a processing facility (i.e., biorefinery) that converts biomass into value-added products is needed. As the first and second generations...
This paper presents a game theoretic multi-level optimization model that aims to control the international biofuel market, driving it towards the desired scenario. The resulting model gives an interpretation of the different scenarios that could face real world energy systems. The upper level decision maker, an international body, aims to maximize the total amount of biofuel that is locally produced...
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) generate electricity using bacteria to degrade something and produce current, which have gained much attention. Harmful algae blooms(HABs) in lakes and rivers are on the increase all over the world, which becomes a more and more serious problem in the field of environment. In this study, algae MFCs(the main bacteria of MFCs were algae) were constructed and measured. The...
Ethanol plants are highly integrated systems consisting of many different processing units. As a result, the optimal operation of the ethanol plant can only be achieved if the plant model properly captures the operation of the individual units and the integrated nature of the plant components. The main challenge in plant-wide optimization, therefore, lies in the need for a compromise between accuracy...
In this paper, straw and rice bran is the object of the molding process. It analyzes the impact of straw and rice bran mixture ratio and temperature on the main indicators of forming fuel. Based on the LS-SVM, multi-objective optimization function and the model of the straw and rice bran mixed-compression molding process have been established. Also the model and molding process has been tested and...
Pretreatment is one of the approaches to yield the higher saccharification process leading to optimization of ethanol yield. The effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on ethanol production from rice straw was studied. A 0.16 kW/L ultrasonic treatment was applied to treat rice straw during enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation process. The enzymatic hydrolysis process was carried out at 50°C and pH 4.8...
The transesterification of Jatropha oil and methyl acetate to biodiesel catalyzed by Novozym 435 (N435) was explored. The organic solvent and the factors of influenced reaction were optimized.The optimum reaction conditions were 6% of N435 based on the Jatropha oil weight, the molar ratio of n-hexane to Jatropha oil was 19, 10% of organic trihydroxymethyl aminomethane base on the Jatropha oil weight,...
We apply systems thinking to the background, complexity and weaknesses of liquid biofuel lifecycle assessments and propose a new way of approaching the problem. The history of corn-based ethanol in North America is illustrative of the problematic interdependencies that can arise when decisions about liquid biofuel are made without comprehensive systems analysis [17]. At the direction of Congress [25],...
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