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Process simulation using ASPEN Plus is carried out to model a two-stage alkali catalyzed transesteriflcation reaction for converting micro algal oil to biodiesel. A 6:1 methanol to algal oil feed ratio is assumed using NaOH as a catalyst at 60 °C reaction temperature, which results in almost 99 % biodiesel yield for the trans-esterification reaction. Product quality is assessed and compared with market...
Waste cooking oil is a potential alternative of refined vegetable oil for biodiesel production due to its low cost and elimination of its disposal problem. The concentration of free fatty acids (FFAs) in WCO dictates the type of chemical treatment required for biodiesel production: a single esterification reaction is considered at high content of FFAs, whereas, a combination of estrification and transestrification...
With fatty acid as raw material, using the two-step method, first, we use concentrated H2SO4 as a catalyst for esterification of fatty acid and methanol to reduce AV (acid value), and then we added methanol into the peristaltic pump to make its AV drop to below 1 mg KOH /g oil. The best condition of first stage: the temperature is 65±2°C, the catalyst dosage is 1%, the methanol to fatty acid ratio...
The transesterification reaction of beef tallow to biodiesel using Cs2O/γ-Al2O3 as a solid base catalyst was studied. Response surface methodology and central composite rotation design were employed to optimize the reaction conditions. The optimum conditions giving 95.5% biodiesel yield were: reaction time 120 min, temperature 66°C, catalyst amount 5.3% (based on the weight of oil), molar ratio of...
In this research, results of an experimental study of prickly ash seed cust oil on the preparation of fatty acid methyl ester by lipase catalysis were presented. Factors such as n-hexane, the FAME rate, water concentration, volume of lipase, et al were studied. The experiment results showed that n-hexane is most suitable solvent in the non-aqueous lipase catalytic system and the FAME rate reach the...
Biomass energy is a renewable and potential resource. In order to research the conversion of cornstalk biomass (the agricultural residues) into the fuel methanol and the effective utilization of biomass energy, the low-heat-value cornstalk gas was produced by means of the thermo-chemical method in the down-flow fixed bed gasifier. The cornstalk gas was purified and the technical procedures such as...
The world is entering a period of declining non-renewable energy resources popularly known as “Peak Oil”. Climate change is therefore more than a problem with a feasible solution based either in science or markets on which we are likely to reach rapid consensus. Since the mid-20th century it has projected continuation. Earth is already showing many signs of worldwide climate change. One of the greatest...
Biodiesel industry needs a cheaper and economical viable raw material that can replace the currently used vegetable oil. Obtaining cheaper raw materials are one of the continuous targets of many biodiesel producing facilities since 70 to 95 % of the production costs are attributed to raw materials. One of the main options is to use waste material from animal and plant sources. In this study, coconut...
Transesterification of canola oil with methanol was investigated under a heterogeneous catalysts system. Various γ-Al2O3-, hydrotalcite-, SiO2-supported Na, Ca oxides prepared via an impregnation method were applied as solid catalyst. The influence of supports (γ-Al2O3, hydrotalcite, SiO2) structure on the activity and adsorption behavior of Na, Ca-based catalysts for transesterification was comparatively...
The activity behavior of Novozym 435 treated with organic solvents was investigated, and the influence of several crucial parameters, including Novozym 435 dosage, oil to methanol molar ratio, reaction time and type of monohydric alcohol, on biodiesel yield was also addressed using tert-butanol as co-solvent. The results showed that the functional group as well as log P of organic solvents was an...
The transesteriflcation of crude cottonseed oil with methyl acetate to biodiesel catalyzed by combined lipases (Lipozyme TL IM and Novozym 435) was investigated. The significant variables of transesterification (methanol concentration, combined lipases concentration and reaction temperature) were screened from six variables by PlackettBurman (PB) design and were further optimized via response surface...
Lipase catalyzed of biodiesel is expensive which restricted industrial enzymatic biodiesel production. In this paper, the industrial lipase made in China was used as catalyst to catalyze the transesterification of rapeseed oil with methanol to produce biodiesel. The way of methanol feeding, the amount of lipase, the reaction temperature, the reaction time, the molar ratio of methanol to oil, the organic...
A simulation of direct dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis from syn-gas, produced via biomass gasification and catalytic reforming, has been processed on the assumption of both physical and thermodynamic equilibrium. Simulation showed that reaction temperature, pressure and syn-gas composition are have the most important effect on DME synthesis behavior. In which, low temperature and high pressure would...
The jatropha curcas methyl ester can be produced through a transesterification reaction by using an alkaline catalyst with an alcohol as the excess reactant. The reaction was carried out in a batch mixed reactor under various operating condition. The kinetics study on the transesterification of jatropha curcas-based triglycerides with methanol was carried out under various temperatures (323, 328,...
Biodiesel, an alternative diesel fuel derived from vegetable oil, animal fat, or waste vegetable oil (WVO), is obtained in this work by reacting waste vegetable soybean oil using oil shale ash as a heterogeneous catalyst in addition to two alcohols ethylene glycol and ethanol. Results have indicated that high biodiesel yield is obtained when using ethylene glycol at high temperature, while the yield...
In Nigeria today, fossil fuels constitute the major source of energy for the economy with consumption costs in excess of N 654 billion for petrol, N 303.2 billion for diesel and N 194 billion for Kerosene. The global debate on Climate Change/CO2 emissions and domestic concerns on economic, environmental and energy security implications have necessitated alterative energy options and created opportunities...
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