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In this paper, we propose a robust level sets method to segment vertebral bodies (VBs) in clinical computed tomography (CT) images. Since the VB and surrounding organs have very close gray level information and there are no strong edges in some CT images, the initialization of level sets method becomes very crucial step. If the object and background regions are not initialized correctly, the results...
This work presents a computer-aided detection (CAD) system to aid radiologists in finding sclerotic bone metastases in the spine on CT images. The spine is first segmented using thresholding, region growing and a vertebra template. A watershed algorithm and a merging routine segment potential lesion candidates in each two-dimensional (2-D) axial CT image. Next, overlapping 2-D detections on sequential...
Image-guided neurosurgery requires navigation in 3D using a computer-assisted surgery system that tracks surgical tools in realtime and displays their positions with respect to the preoperatively acquired images (e.g. CT, MRI, fMRI etc.) A key problem in image guided procedures is the need to navigate to specific locations highlighted in the images, such as image-derived functional areas, that have...
Laminotomy is a minimally invasive endoscopic approach relating to the lamina in order to decompress the spinal cord due to disc herniation. A three-dimensional finite element model of L2, L3 and L4 was developed to investigate the effects of laminotomy, or partial unilateral laminectomy to the spinal structure. The vertebral model was extracted from computed tomography image datasets while the soft...
One of the most common spinal fractures is thoracolumbar spine fracture and in this area burst fracture contributed approximately 10%-20% of such spinal problems. The purpose of this study is to investigate biomechanical effects of anterior decompression and posterior instrumentation and evaluate the role of short-segment pedicle screw instrument in order to preservation of adequate spine stability...
This paper proposes a method for the semi-automatic segmentation of cerebral aneurysms from CTA datasets. The method consists of two phases: a region growing-based approach followed by a level set method, firstly to extract the cerebral artery and then to segment the aneurysm. The first phase automatically locates a seed point for initialization of the region growing in a seed slice, detection of...
The newborn's skull is composed of already ossified parts of the flat bone connected by areas of fibrous membrane not yet ossified, which are called fontanels. At birth, an infant has six of such fontanels. These two different tissue types forming the outer part of the neuro-cranium have different electrical conductivities. Thus, it is important to determine the exact geometry of the fontanels if...
Every mapping can all be divided into three kind CT MRI and anatomic figure. Orientation to observe takes to can be divided into the cross section and arrow section and coronary section. The Image can be contracted to put, filled comments as well as corrected etc. Intraoperative imaging is used more frequently today since this enables the neurosurgeon to localize structures inside the brain more accurately...
The objective of this study is to develop a detailed three-dimensional geometrically and biomechanically accurate finite element model of the human lower cervical spine (C4-C6), and applied to determination of movement of the mobile type artificial disc replacement Prodisc-C made by Synthes. 3D (FE) model of the multi-level cervical spine was consists of three vertebrae and two intervertebral discs...
Automatically detecting the abnormality within cerebrospinal fluid space (CSF) from clinical non-enhanced computed tomography (NCT) images is significant since it can help diagnosis of many neurological diseases such as hydrocephalus and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, extracting CSF space from NCT images is not easy, due to such factors as small size of CSF, partial volume effect due to large...
The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of existing automatics medical image registration methods in neurology with a view to application BrainView, which can provide a general overview of image data sets and allow the operator to visually compare images in the medical domain. The aim of the developed application is a registration of a brain slices from computer tomography slides where...
This paper dealt with the following topics: CT imaging; medical image processing; eye; neurophysiological disease; EEG; brain-computer interfaces; patient treatment; biomedical ultrasonics; respiratory motion; medical disorder; MRI; ultrasonic surgery; SVM; biomechanics; hidden Markov model; coronary angiography; and other related topics on medical image analysis.
Image registration is an indispensable process in the detection of brain structural and anatomical abnormities. Inverse-consistency, topology preserving and real time application are essential to provide accurate deformation fields for statistical analysis of brain variability. Unfortunately, the previous algorithms lacked of these features. We present a registration method by adapting the optimization...
It is generally accepted that the completeness of resection in malignant gliomas should be as complete as possible. Maximal cytoreductive surgery is generally performed aiming at removing at least that part of the tumor that accumulates a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (contrast-enhanced MRI) (1;2). Complete resection of contrast enhancing tumor regions as judged by post-operative MRI...
We present a technique for enhancing multimodal visualizations for image-guided neurosurgery in the presence of adverse lighting conditions. In the surgical environment, images used for real time navigation are displayed in suboptimal conditions due to the varying lighting conditions. Our approach actively monitors the incoming light on the display and appropriately enhances the visualization based...
Tomographic perfusion imaging is a well accepted method for stroke diagnosis that is available with current CT and MRI scanners. A challenging new method, which is currently not available, is perfusion imaging with an interventional C-arm CT that can acquire 4-D images using a C-arm angiography system. This method may help to optimize the workflow during catheter-guided stroke treatment. The main...
The increased volume of 3D neuroimaging data has created a need for efficient data management and retrieval. We suggest that image retrieval via robust volumetric features could benefit managing these large image datasets. In this paper, we introduce a new feature extraction method, based on disorder-oriented masks, that uses the volumetric spatial distribution patterns in 3D physiological parametric...
Trepanation of the skull is a common procedure in neurosurgery with the problems of dural tears and wide cutting gaps. A hand-guided instrument containing a soft-tissue preserving saw whose cutting depth is automatically adapted on the basis of a-priori data (CT, MRI) is envisioned to reduce these problems. In this paper a major part of the system, a novel concept for real-time setpoint generation...
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective treatment for severe depressive disorder, and yet the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects remain largely unknown. A novel computational model is presented in this study to simulate and investigate direct cortical excitation caused by bitemporal electroconvulsive therapy (BT ECT), using a finite element model (FEM) of the human head. The skull...
In intracranial pathological examinations using CT scan, brain midline shift (MLS) is an important diagnostic feature indicating the pathological severity and patient's survival possibility. In this paper, we develop a new method of tracing the brain midline shift in traumatic brain injury (TBI) CT images using its original cause - the hemorrhage. Firstly, we model the relationship between the hemorrhage...
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