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This paper proposes a sequential loading method, which finds the hourly changes of frequency and optimal load distribution between power stations. The method solves to minimize the aggregate cost in the electric power system (EPS). The method also calculates the surplus or deficit of an active power in EPS, hourly power flows of each transmission lines, active power losses in the networks. Computed...
In this paper, a multi-agent load frequency balancing control algorithm based on Genetic Algorithm for a storage-less Photo Voltaic (PV) generation is proposed. For maximum deployment of available renewable energy, the PV generation is tracked at its maximum power point however through the use of a virtual synchronous generator converter control, the PV generator is able to follow the load demand...
This paper presents the validation of a rule-based control strategy trying to maximize the self-consumption of PV-converted power and providing frequency containment reserve power at the same time with a battery energy storage system placed in a residential household with roof-top PV-plant. The single model of a residential household is integrated in a simulation model of a virtual battery energy...
A method for formulating system frequency response (SFR) model-derived frequency indexes into optimum framework of sizing energy storage systems (ESSs) that participate in frequency control in power systems is presented. A novel simplified SFR model, approximating frequency and governor responses with quadratic and linear functions respectively, is first developed, leading to a fast and accurate computation...
Isolated grid (IG) usually has small inertia constant, and the primary frequency regulation ability of IG is limited. In addition, high penetration level of photovoltaic power plants (PV-PPS)integrated to IG deteriorate system inertial and primary frequency regulation ability. To ensure the stability of frequency, UC model considering dynamic frequency limit (DFL) is proposed in this paper, and PV-PPS...
Several countries have a significant installed capacity of large-scale reversible hydro power plants. This large-scale storage technology comes with high investments costs, hence the constant search for methods to increase and diversify the sources of revenue. Traditional fixed speed pump storage units typically operate in the day-ahead market to perform price arbitrage and, in specific cases, provide...
The sustained development of renewable electric power sources demands new solutions for the integration of small-scale, distributed and volatile generation with limited predictability into the European energy markets and power grid. The aggregation of multiple distributed energy resources with adjustable loads and energy storage systems on a conceptual level as virtual power plants and on a geographical...
An attempt has been made in this article for effective solution of load frequency control (LFC) problem in an interconnected power system using a meta-heuristic optimization technique, called oppositional krill herd algorithm (OKHA). Krill herd algorithm (KHA) is simply mimics the life cycle of krill in an oceans and designed based on the solution of herding behavior of individual krill. A two-area...
This paper presents a methodology for determining the optimal size of a Vanadium Redox Battery (VRB) which supplies secondary frequency control in electrical power systems. The objective is to achieve the optimal investment for installing a VRB while taking into account its impact on the power system. Through stochastic optimization, the proposed methodology allows computing the variable operative...
This paper presents a method of dynamic allocation of the power reserve among frequency regulation's participants. Cooperative game theory approach is used for analysis of power reserve distribution. Technical and economical aspects of the issue are observed. Mathematical model of automation used for selection of optimal sharing of profit among participants was built.
Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are likely to become very popular in the future. With a large number of PEVs across the world, the batteries of PEVs may form a huge energy storage system which can serve as both controllable power loads and power sources. This can help the power grid to regulate the frequency by minimizing the expected imbalance between load and generation under the circumstance of...
This paper presents an optimized scheduling method, a planning strategy, and a frequency control method for a hybrid system supplying an isolated network. The hybrid system consists of a wind energy conversion system, a diesel engine generator, and a battery energy storage system. Minimization of the operation cost is the objective of the optimized operation. Consequently, emission of the system is...
This paper deals with load frequency control study of high, medium and low head single area hydro power system. The gains of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller have been optimized using Particle Swarm Optimization with integral squared error (ISE) and integral time absolute error (ITAE) performance index as fitness functions. Simulations are carried out for the same using MATLAB/SIMULINK...
Micro-grids (MGs) are active networks known as an effective solution for the control of grids including high levels of Distributed Generation (DG). In off-grid MGs, DGs connected to Voltage Source Inverters (VSIs) enroll as controllers of voltage and frequency. These VSIs should share power between the DGs fairly. A precise power sharing may increase frequency drop. In this paper, a trade-off is obtained...
In this paper a hybrid distributed generation (DG) system connected to isolated load is studied. The DG system consisting of photo voltaic (PV) system, fuel cells, aqua electrolyzer, diesel engine generator and a battery energy storage system. The ambient temperature value of PV is taken as constant to make the output power of PV is directly proportional to the radiation and output power of other...
This paper focuses on load frequency regulation, as a major function of automatic generation control (AGC) in the context of a versatile power system structure, environmental constrains and emerging new uncertainties. Generation units models are determined in order to build a control diagram used for load dispatch. The optimal parameters for the secondary controller were determined using a gradient...
For the arrangement of Controls in human-machine interface based on the multiple operating conditions, the following factors should be considered: the design principles such as the importance of Controls, operating frequency, operating sequence and relativity between the Controls, and the total motion distance of the operator's hand. The arrangement in manual mode can hardly take all the factors above,...
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