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Biodiesel is renewable, biodegradable and non-toxic alternative fuel which consist various environmental benefits. Animal fats, non-edible oils and waste cooking oils are the main lipid sources of bio diesel production. Biodiesel production involves the main process of tranesterification where the triglyceride lipid source reacts into Fatty Acid Methyl Esters and Glycerol. Large amount of waste cooking...
A customized 20 L airlift photobioreactor was utilized for the growth of Chlorella sp. MJ 11/11. The biomass obtained was further used for production of biodiesel. A one step transesterification process was utilized for the production of biodiesel from algal lipids. The lipid content of Chlorella sp. MJ 11/11 was determined to be 58% w/w. The biomass obtained was flocculated using chitosan (stock...
Transesterification of Waste Cotton Cooking Oil was reported. Different catalysts were studied. A maximum yield of 92% was reported for calcined eggshells catalyst. KOH and pistachio shell reported 91% and 84% respectively. The temperature, reaction time and catalyst loading were optimized to be 60°C, 60 min and 3% (wt.%) respectively for egg shell and pistachio shells. The methanol to oil molar ratio...
Biodiesel was synthesized at large scale (400L by Batch). The 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, gas chromatography, and FT-IR analyses of the final product confirmed that in the chosen experimental conditions, the reaction is total. The biodiesel does not contain traces of glycerol. The biodiesel quality parameters that are borderline do not pose any particular problem. The electricity generator diesel engine are...
Biodiesel was synthesized by transesterification of waste frying oil. The 1H-NMR, Gas chromatography, and FT-IR analyses of the final product confirmed that in the chosen experimental conditions, the transesterification reaction was complete and the biodiesel does not contain any traces of glycerol. The transesterification of the low cost raw materials (waste frying oil and crude purified methanol)...
Refractive index is a physical property which can be used in determining the end point of transesterification in producing biodiesel. The traditional method in acquiring refractive index measurements takes place outside of a transesterification reactor making remote sensing impossible. In this study, a fiber optic cable was used to identify the appropriate wavelength to acquire the refractive index...
Al loaded CaO catalysts for biodiesel synthesis were prepared with alkali co-precipitation method and investigated. The catalytic activities were examined with transesterification of triolein to oleic methyl ester (OME) as model reaction of biodiesel formation. The catalytic activity of these catalysts strongly depends on the amount of Al loading and formation of composite oxide phase on catalyst...
Acid oil having free fatty acids and glycerides produced through soybean soapstock can reduce the cost of biodiesel production. Optimization of H2SO4 catalyzed process was completed by carrying out a central composite design and a quadratic polynomial model was obtained. When methanol/oil molar ratio was 35.49:1, catalyst was 11.59% relative to the weight of acid oil, reaction time was 4.58 hours,...
The world is confronted with the twin crisis of fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation. The indiscriminate extraction and consumption of Fossil fuels have led to a reduction in petroleum. Due to the concern on the availability of recoverable fossil fuel reserves and environmental problems caused by the use of those fossil fuels, considerable attention has been given to biodiesel production...
The world is entering a period of declining non-renewable energy resources popularly known as “Peak Oil”. Climate change is therefore more than a problem with a feasible solution based either in science or markets on which we are likely to reach rapid consensus. Since the mid-20th century it has projected continuation. Earth is already showing many signs of worldwide climate change. One of the greatest...
Transesterification of canola oil with methanol was investigated under a heterogeneous catalysts system. Various γ-Al2O3-, hydrotalcite-, SiO2-supported Na, Ca oxides prepared via an impregnation method were applied as solid catalyst. The influence of supports (γ-Al2O3, hydrotalcite, SiO2) structure on the activity and adsorption behavior of Na, Ca-based catalysts for transesterification was comparatively...
The transesterification of Jatropha oil and methyl acetate to biodiesel catalyzed by Novozym 435 (N435) was explored. The organic solvent and the factors of influenced reaction were optimized.The optimum reaction conditions were 6% of N435 based on the Jatropha oil weight, the molar ratio of n-hexane to Jatropha oil was 19, 10% of organic trihydroxymethyl aminomethane base on the Jatropha oil weight,...
The activity behavior of Novozym 435 treated with organic solvents was investigated, and the influence of several crucial parameters, including Novozym 435 dosage, oil to methanol molar ratio, reaction time and type of monohydric alcohol, on biodiesel yield was also addressed using tert-butanol as co-solvent. The results showed that the functional group as well as log P of organic solvents was an...
8 strains producing lipase were isolated from soil with rich oil. Among them strain BD3 producing lipase was more powerful. Strain BD3 was identified as Pseudomonas sp according to its morphology, physiological, biochemical properties. We utilized PVA(polyvinyl alcohol) and Boric Acid as the vector of immobilized cells of Strain BD3, and have studied transesterification at the same time. We found...
Lipase catalyzed of biodiesel is expensive which restricted industrial enzymatic biodiesel production. In this paper, the industrial lipase made in China was used as catalyst to catalyze the transesterification of rapeseed oil with methanol to produce biodiesel. The way of methanol feeding, the amount of lipase, the reaction temperature, the reaction time, the molar ratio of methanol to oil, the organic...
This article addresses the feasibility of commercial biodiesel production in Jordan as an alternative fuel source. The study suggests that the most effective method of producing biodiesel in a country like Jordan could be based on large-scale microalgae cultivation. Since many strains of microalgae exist, it would first be necessary to identify the species most appropriate for growth in the Jordanian...
Biodiesel, an alternative diesel fuel derived from vegetable oil, animal fat, or waste vegetable oil (WVO), is obtained in this work by reacting waste vegetable soybean oil using oil shale ash as a heterogeneous catalyst in addition to two alcohols ethylene glycol and ethanol. Results have indicated that high biodiesel yield is obtained when using ethylene glycol at high temperature, while the yield...
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