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This paper deals with the optimization of grounding grids geometry. The goal is to reduce the amount of material to deploy a grounding grid, while keeping the system security. The touch voltages, step voltages, GPR and ground resistance are parameters of grounding grids and are related to safety aspect. Also discussed is a genetic algorithm used for optimizing ground grids, which can assume any form...
This paper deals with the calculation of ground resistance, surface voltage, touch voltage and step voltage, to mesh with horizontal wires arranged in different angles. The mathematical modeling is based on the method proposed by Heppe, which allows obtaining the grounding parameters for soil stratified in two layers. Moreover, the results obtained by the Variable Currents Method (VCM) have been compared...
Grounding grid is an important equipment to guarantee the safety and reliable of power system. It should be diagnosed regularly to prevent from corrosion, which is significant to ensure the safety of people and equipment. It has a significant value to do some research on the algorithm of grounding grid diagnosis. Contact voltage, step voltage and ground resistance are the most important characters...
Although Class A Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs) have been responsible for a substantial reduction in residential electrocutions, their limitation on system voltage (maximum 240 V) and their maximum allowable leakage current of 6 mA make them impractical for 480 or 600 V industrial power systems. UL 943C defines special-purpose GFCIs that can be used on systems up to 600 V and allow for...
Electromagnetic field and circuit theory combined is applied to calculate the impulse grounding impedance in HVDC transmission line towers in this paper. The mutual inductance of conductor segments are taken into account. At the same time, the images of the self resistance and mutual inductance are considered for the different medium (soil and air) interface on the surface of the ground. To calculate...
Generally, the flow of a lightning impulse current from a grounding electrode into ground is a very complicated process determined by many factors. In order to analyze the mechanism of the impulse current dissipating in the earth from grounding electrode, the experiments that had carried out by other authors almost used a single horizontal grounding wire or vertical grounding rod for sake of simplicity...
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