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The article analyzes the current state of the telecommunications infrastructure of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Brief description of the socio-economic situation of the republic is given, with the regional specific features of the northern territory of the Russian Federation being given. Main indicators of the influence of broadband access to the Internet on the development of the regional economy...
The Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Proving Ground and Risk Reduction (PGRR) program facilitates initiatives to increase or improve the use and value of JPSS data products in user products, services, and application or service areas. Building on the success of the Fire and Smoke, River Ice and Flooding, Hydrology, and Sounding initiatives, the JPSS Arctic Initiative is the latest endeavor of the...
Reliable information on snow cover across the Northern Hemisphere and Arctic and sub-Arctic regions is needed for climate monitoring, for understanding the Arctic climate system, and for the evaluation of the role of snow cover and its feedback in climate models. In addition to being of significant interest for climatological investigations, reliable information on snow cover is of high value for...
The Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-1B C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellites provide data for European Union's Copernicus program. Norway uses SAR satellites operationally to monitor Norway's maritime areas of interest. Since 2010 satellite AIS (Automatic Identification System) from AISSat-1 and -2 have been used to get additional information about the maritime picture. The paper presents results...
In modern data analysis it is imperative to use well maintained data sources with curated content. This publication gives an approach for research areas, where there is no such central facility. The specific area used here is sea ice classification from images. The publication is split into two parts. The first part describes the integration of discontinuous sources for different aspects of data needed...
In recent years, the interest for the Arctic area has been increasing. Harvesting of scientific data and environmental monitoring are key activities. The Arctic has poor communication infrastructure, both by terrestrial and satellite systems. Launching a free-flying constellation of small is one proposal to help mitigate this service gap. CubeSats are traditionally built with industrial-grade components,...
This paper is an extension to the paper entitled “Arctic Sea Ice Variability and Trend over Past Two Decade” presented in National Symposium on Weather & Climate Extremes, Chandigarh [1]. There the arctic sea ice variability was studied from 1990 to 2012 only. So in continuation the remaining years have been studied and the analysis of the satellite data from year 1980 to 2015 has been made. Along...
Currently available sea ice thickness retrieval algorithms are compromised in summer in the presence of melt. This study presents a new approach to estimate sea ice thickness in summer in the presence of melt ponds. Analysis of field data obtained during RV “Polarstern” cruise ARK27/3 (August – October 2012) has shown a clear connection of ice thickness under melt ponds to their measured spectral...
Understanding the societal and ecological impacts of a rapidly warming Arctic, declining Arctic sea ice and the potentially strong positive climate feedback caused by thawing permafrost are key challenges in cryospheric science. Predicting how a changing climate may be driving these changes and how feedback processes in the cryosphere affect climate requires continuation of long-term satellite observations,...
Joint Tactical Networks (JTN) Mobile User Objective System (MUOS) Reference Implementation Laboratory (MRIL) provided several measurement and data collection applications to support the US Northern Commands MUOS communication capability assessment expedition beyond MUOS beam coverage limits and up to the latitude at 89.5 degrees north in the summer of 2014. The measurement applications were designed...
The need for wide-spread, up-to-date sea state observations in the emerging ice-free Arctic will further increase as the region will open up to marine operations. Here we present an example of spatial wave field parameters obtained from a TerraSAR-X StripMap swath in the southern Beaufort Sea. Significant wave heights varied from < 1m to > 2.2m over distances of less than 50km. These results...
Digital communication at sea in the high north is challenging as the conventionally used geostationary satellite systems operate close to their geographic limits which is around 80 degrees latitude. The only system that provides digital communication capabilities beyond this limitation is Iridium. The MARENOR project has investigated the actual quality of service of communication systems in the high...
Neuromimetic machine vision and pattern recognition algorithms are of great interest for landscape characterization and change detection in satellite imagery in support of global climate change science and modeling. We present results from an ongoing effort to extend machine vision methods to the environmental sciences, using adaptive sparse signal processing combined with machine learning. A Hebbian...
The availability of Cryosat-2 with its coverage throughout the Arctic Ocean up to 88N is a quantum leap forward for altimetric gravity field modeling and here we have tried to quantify the improvement of Cryosat-2 to global and particularly Arctic altimetric gravity field modeling through a comparison with highly accurate marine gravity observations.
A long-term, consistent, and reproducible satellite-based passive microwave sea ice concentration climate data record (CDR) is available for climate studies, monitoring, and model validation with an initial operation capability (IOC). The daily and monthly sea ice concentrations are on the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) polar stereographic grid with nominal 25 × 25 km grid cells in both...
With maritime activity increasing in the Arctic, the US Coast Guard is preparing for an expanded role. Operating safely and effectively in harsh, remote Polar Regions with ice hazards, poor communications and satellite coverage poses a tremendous challenge;, the USCG plans to take advantage of relevant technology, strengthen existing partnerships and explore new ones with International and Federal...
Soil moisture is an import parameter for high latitude research focusing on carbon exchange and permafrost issues. This paper reviews requirements, constrains and possibilities of satellite derived soil moisture data for high latitude applications. Major points are freezing and thawing, and landscape heterogeneity. Special focus is on data derived from ENVISAT ASAR. The different ScanSAR modes (wide...
The visible and near-infrared bands of AVHRR radiometer on the NOAA satellites can be used to monitor the Arctic sea ice cover. It is well known that Earth's surface characters in the cloud-covered regions could not be monitored exactly by the visible and near-infrared remote sensing. Therefore, the cloud detection is a fundamental process for sea ice parameters inversion. For the Arctic regions,...
Over the last decade, ice conditions in the Arctic have changed dramatically resulting in the Arctic having a minimum in ice extent during the summers of 2007, 2008 and 2010. With this rapidly changing polar environment, the need for accurate ice forecasts is essential. The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has developed the Arctic Cap Nowcast/Forecast System (ACNFS), a two-way coupled ice/ocean system,...
Eleven years of NOAA (AVHRR) images of sea surface temperature (SST) have been used to detect ocean thermal fronts in the southeastern Beaufort Sea. As expected, front detection is easier in the summer season. Location of major known fronts (Shelf Break Front, Mackenzie River Plume Front) was confirmed and new frontal regions (Cape Bathurst, Mackenzie Trough, Amundsen Gulf coastal zones) were identified...
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