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Planning for oil spill response and other marine activities requires a keen understanding of the weather and other conditions that can be expected in a given area and in a given period of time. It also requires consideratios about how those conditions — wind, waves, visibility, sea ice, etc. — may challenge or preclude on-water operations. The response viability analysis methodology matches data from...
Recent studies on global climate change have identified the Arctic as the fastest warming region on Earth. Resulting trends of receding sea ice have led to more accessible Arctic waterways during summer months and an anticipated increase in maritime transport throughout the region. Prolonged access between North America and Europe via the Northeast Passage is of significant interest to the international...
An Arctic-capable coastal geomorphic change model was developed based on the open-source coastal geomorphic change model, Xbeach. In this paper, we describe an approach to make the 2D version of the Xbeach model Artic-capable by adding a heat transfer module which computes the temperature and the phase of the sediment and water (frozen or unfrozen). During execution of the overall model, the conventional...
Recent rapid loss of the Arctic sea ice motivates the study of the Arctic sea ice thickness. Global climate model that describe the ice's thickness evolution, require an accurate temperature profile of the Arctic sea ice. However, measuring the complete temperature profile is not feasible due to a limited number of thermal sensors. Instead, measuring the ice's thickness is doable based on the acquisition...
The Lena River basin in Siberia produces one of the largest river inflows into the Arctic Ocean. One of the most important sources of runoff to the river is spring snowmelt, and therefore, snow ablation processes have great importance for this basin. Vegetation and accumulated snowfall control the spatial distribution of sublimation, which is found to have a considerable effect on the snow ablation...
Sea ice is an important quantity for the radiation budget of the Earth's climate system. In this paper we present a comparison of SMAP and SMOS measured brightness temperatures and translate a validated retrieval algorithm for the thickness of thin sea ice from SMOS to SMAP radiometer observations. For October to December all observations of SMAP in forward and backward direction are compared as daily...
Environmental changes are considered to affect the migration and distribution of baleen whales in the Arctic region. We examined the seasonal acoustic presence of fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) and the relationships between acoustics and oceanographic environments in the southern Chukchi Sea from July 2012 to October 2015. Fin whale calls were detected from 4 August to 20 October 2012, from 25...
Because of the large distances, low temperatures and unpredictable weather in the Arctic, the existing search and rescue (SAR) resources will not be sufficient in certain situations and large loss of lives are at risk.
The Arctic Ocean is widely claimed to be an unpredictable environment where safety and security are at risk for a plethora of reasons. In this paper, we examine the risks related to waves from a coastal engineering point of view.
One of the major challenges in reliability assessment of Arctic oil and gas facilities is lack of adequate life data. In order to use the available life data obtained in normal climate regions, some modifications are required to include the adverse effects of Arctic operating conditions on equipment reliability performance. In this study, a methodology, based on expert judgement concept, is presented...
In industry with a high level of investment, such as Arctic offshore oil and gas, the costs of the production losses due to a long downtime are substantial which can affect business performance. Thus the selection of the maintenance policy for the Arctic is one of the most important decisions of strategic maintenance management. It guarantees not only adequate control of the maintenance costs, but...
Arctic Development is one of the strategic goals of Russia and other circumpolar countries. Solution of this problem is faced with the problem: most of the coastal seas and the Arctic Ocean is covered with ice. For large vessels and icebreakers problem is solved by applying remote sensing of ice with spacecraft and aircraft. This solution has a very high cost and low efficiency. The authors propose...
Over the past eight decades the ice-infested Northern Sea Route (NSR) has been steadily developed although historically it has been of little interest to commercial shipping companies. However, the shorter routes, more open waters, and the increasing demand for shipping have caused shipping companies to reconsider shipping along these routes. The NSR is now part of an overall world transportation...
A hybrid power system placed in Beaufort Sea in order to power supply the offshore oil and gas platforms is investigated in this paper. The proposed microgrid includes various energy sources such as photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, diesel generator as a secondary power source and stationary storage system. Simulation of each component and the proposed topology is discussed with the energy management...
Recent researchers suggested Dimethyl sulphide (DMS) flux emission in Arctic Ocean plays an important role for the global warming. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) method was developed and used in calibrating the DMS model parameters in Barents Sea in Arctic Ocean (70–80N, 30–35E). Two-step GA calibrations were performed. First step was to calibrate the most sensitive parameters based on Chlorophyll_a (CHL)...
The Canadian Department of National Defence (DND) is cleaning up and remediating environmental hazards at former Distant Early Warning (DEW) Line sites located across the Canadian Arctic. The DEW Line Clean-Up proof of concept project is underway, to determine if space-based Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data can be used for landfill monitoring at these DEW Line sites. Interferometric time series...
The Marginal Ice Zone Ocean and Ice Observations and Processes EXperiment (MIZOPEX) aims to utilize unmanned aircraft in making repeated scientific observations of the surface water and sea-ice conditions during the melting period in the marginal ice zone of the Arctic Ocean. Unmanned aircraft from NASA will carry the sensors, a suite of instruments to make these measurements, including the SlimSAR...
In this paper, focusing on the Northwest Passage, we looked into the relevance between sea surface temperature(SST), sea level pressure(SLP) and the reducing amount of annual sea ice concentration (May minus September) based on the NSST daily average data from NASA MODISA, SLP monthly average data from NCEP and AMSR-E sea ice concentration product with the resolution of 6.25 kilometers from the year...
In recent years, rapid warming of Arctic has made the Northwest Passage navigation possible. In this paper, we roughly studied features of variation of sea ice's concentration during the summer season, June, August and September, using AMSR-E sea ice concentration product with the resolution of 6.25 kilometers from the year 2002 to 2010. By studying the variation, we got deeper understanding of the...
Over the last decade, ice conditions in the Arctic have changed dramatically resulting in the Arctic having a minimum in ice extent during the summers of 2007, 2008 and 2010. With this rapidly changing polar environment, the need for accurate ice forecasts is essential. The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has developed the Arctic Cap Nowcast/Forecast System (ACNFS), a two-way coupled ice/ocean system,...
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