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The European Commission published the climate and energy package “20 20 20” with the principle scope of reducing the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and increasing the production from renewable energy sources (RES). Electric Vehicles (EVs) contribute to lower the GHG emissions, as they produce no exhaust gas as opposed to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. The present study is focused on the...
The main idea of the paper is to provide a detailed analysis of market set-ups in Europe, North America and Australia as well as to define obstacles and potentials for full market integration for renewable and distributed energy resources. Comparing rules and market operational principles from different continents, elaborated through examples of most evolved markets, indicates how different technologies...
In this paper, the control objectives of future active distribution networks with high penetration of renewables and flexible loads are analyzed and reviewed. From a state of the art review, the important control objectives seen from the perspective of a distribution system operator are identified to be hosting capacity improvement, high reliable operation and cost effective network management. Based...
As the share of intermittent renewable energy sources increases, it will be necessary to increase the volume of frequency regulation reserves. New sources of reserves can be found in the distributed energy resources (controllable loads, Electrical Vehicles (EVs), distributed generation units). However, it is necessary to adapt the frequency-regulation market-design in order to allow the participation...
With an increasing amount of installed dispersion resources, the requirements for connecting generators must be focus on stability, control and ensuring safe operation of the distribution system and generators must provide auxiliary services for network. In the European Network Code NC ENTSO-E RFG the requirements for advanced functions of generators are defined and are accepted into the czech technical...
The last years in Europe, the growing penetration of Distributed Generation (DG), (mainly q combination of heat and power (CHP) and renewable), has demonstrated the necessity of facing the impacts and opportunities of new distributed energy resources connected to medium and low voltage grids by means of research projects. The need of demonstration projects on voltage control with DG to increase the...
A virtual power plant assists in the integration of distributed energy resources in the power system. With a rising share of distributed generation, an active management of distributed energy resources is indispensable in order to ensure operation of the electricity network towards the future. In this paper, the virtual power plant concept is analyzed. Three essential components that characterize...
Based on existing low and medium voltage grids from distribution system operators and future scenarios of PV and EV penetration, critical load scenarios which lead to violations of relevant KPIs are to be developed in the scope of PlanGridEV. In the course of the gap analysis the expected limits of DER hosting capacities were identified. The method for developing and simulating the different scenarios...
In this work it is proposed the design of a system to handle Distributed Energy Resources (DER), which is a new reality due to Electric Vehicles (EVs), Microgeneration (MG) and the open Electrical Markets (EM). This upcoming reality brings the need of the ‘old’ central energy control to be installed locally. For that we propose a local energy broker, responsible to handle local energy flow and to...
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Solutions for a smart environment are in the focus of many research initiatives in Europe. In this paper we present work carried out in the FI-PPP project FINSENY (Future Internet for Smart Energy). ICT Solutions often face the challenge of requirements not covered by current technology and they must avoid restricting themselves to domain specific solutions...
Real-time low voltage network management is becoming possible thanks to massive smart meter rollouts, integration of them to distribution network management systems and utilization of distributed energy resources in distribution network management. Nowadays low voltage network management is emerging by integrating automatic meter infrastructure to centralized systems like SCADA/DMS. European project...
Benchmark models of electric power distribution networks have been developed by CIGRE Task Force C6.04.02, which is affiliated with CIGRE Study Committee C6. Among the networks proposed are North American and European versions of low-voltage distribution networks. The networks are representative of typical designs and are well-suited for benchmarking methods and techniques for integrating distributed...
Demand Response (DR) is becoming more and more important in the framework of electricity systems management for the effective integration of other Distributed Energy Resources. To achieve this DR capability, customers must identify what they are using the energy for in order to use their flexible loads for management purposes. Modeling tools are used to predict the impact of flexibility on the behavior...
The ADDRESS European project (active distribution networks with full integration of demand and distributed energy resources) aims to deliver a comprehensive commercial and technical framework for the development of ldquoactive demandrdquo in the smart grids of the future. It works towards enabling the active participation of domestic and small commercial consumers in power system markets and in the...
Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles"Dispersed Generation and its Impact in Europe on Power System Structure and Secure Power System Operation,"by T. J. Hammons,in the Proceedings of the 42nd International Universities Power Engineering Conference, 2007 (UPEC), pp. 930-937, 4-6 Sept. 2007After careful and considered review of the content and authorship of this paper by a duly...
This article outlines the ongoing research, development, and demonstrates the microgrid operation currently in progress in Europe, the United States, Japan, and Canada. The penetration of distributed generation (DG) at medium and low voltages is increasing in developed countries worldwide. Microgrids are entities that coordinate DERs (distributed energy resources) in a consistently more decentralized...
DER (distributed energy resources) are in expansion worldwide. This paper underlines technical challenges which arise from this expansion, taking into account the regulatory and technical background in France and Europe
This paper gives a brief overview of DER-related projects supported under the EU FP5&6 and presents a summary of main results and further activities planned for the coming years. It also presents the current discussions for FP7-smart energy networks, under preparation
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