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In this paper, we propose an underwater media access control (MAC) protocol based on flexible request-to-send waiting time (RWT) with a three-way handshaking mechanism. To support underwater mobile ad-hoc networks where each node has one-hop communication, our proposed MAC protocol is designed for data reliability, energy efficiency, node mobility, and network scalability. First, the order of transmission...
Underwater communication mainly relies on acoustic waves. Its unique characteristics, such as slow propagation speed and low bit rate-distance product, present both challenges and opportunities for Media Access Control (MAC) protocol design. In existing sender-initiated handshaking based MAC protocols, each successful handshake only allows an initiating sender to transmit single or multiple consecutive...
Free space optical (FSO) links for sensor networks can provide data rates that can range from bits/s to hundreds of Mb/s. In addition, FSO links using blue-green lasers or light emitting diodes can provide underwater communication over distances of tens of meters. Compared to acoustic technology, optical communication provides larger bandwidths, faster propagation speeds, and reduced multipath fading...
Recently, development of original technologies of underwater sensor network for data transmission in underwater environment has been progressed. Since propagation delay is a problem awaiting solution in acoustic communication, the transmission time tends to be increased as network radius increases. Besides, there are difficulties of MAC service, which supports to avoid the collision and maintain reliable...
Unlike terrestrial wireless communication which uses radio waves, underwater communication relies on acoustic waves. The long latency and limited bandwidth pose great challenges in underwater Media Access Control (MAC) protocol design. As a result, terrestrial MAC protocols perform inefficiently when deployed directly in an underwater environment. In this paper, we examine how an existing asynchronous...
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