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Breast cancer is a major public health issue and currently the second leading cause of cancer death in women. Early detection on whether a tumor is benign or malignant is crucial to a patient's treatment and their odds of survival. There are already existing methods in place to detect breast cancer based on physical characteristics of tumors as well as identifying novel biomarker genes. However the...
Recent studies in breast cancer domains have identified seven distinct clinical phenotypes (groups) using immunohistochemical analysis and a variety of unsupervised learning techniques. Consensus among the clustering algorithms has been used to categorise patients into these specific groups, but often at the expenses of not classifying all patients. It is known that fuzzy methodologies can provide...
Determining the molecular or genomic sub-type of a cancer of a particular organ is important for prognosis and treatment planning. While clinical tests determine the dominant subtype of cancer in a patient, it is believed that some cancer treatments targeting the dominant sub-types ultimately prove ineffective because they ignore the existence of additional sub-types in the same patient. We present...
Breast cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer to strike women. There are four major subtypes of breast cancer, and therapies are different for each of these subtypes. In particular, two of the four subtypes are grouped into so-called ER-positive (ER+) subtype and are treated with tamoxifen. Therefore an important first step in personalizing breast cancer therapy is to classify a patient into...
Identifying and treating the tumor at its early stages has become one of the major challenges faced in the area of breast imaging field since the number of women diagnosed with breast cancer has gradually increase over the years. Breast thermography has distinguished itself as a promising adjunctive imaging modality to the current breast imaging standard for early detection of breast cancer. It provides...
Cancer cells exhibit a common phenotype of uncontrolled cell growth, but this phenotype may arise from many different combinations of mutations. By inferring how cells evolve in individual tumors, a process called cancer progression, we may be able to identify important mutational events for different tumor types, potentially leading to new therapeutics and diagnostics. Prior work has shown that it...
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