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Substation Automation Systems (SAS) offer powerful, fast, and viable ways to design, automate, and implement substation protection, control, and monitoring functions in modern transmission and distribution grids. Today's SAS — ore than ever — rely on the adoption of IEC61850 as a worldwide standard for interoperability and dependable peer-to-peer and substation communications. Being based on the Ethernet...
This work describes a new protection schema suitable for transparent optical networks with a large number of nodes. The protection and recovery processes are described as emerging functions in a bottom-up organized network obtained by connecting a large number of autonomous 2??2 optical packet switching nodes. The links are classified into sub-domains containing only four nodes each. During an emergency...
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