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Different kinds of biomass chars of the wheat straws, rice straw, cotton straw collected at Nanjing, China, were pyrolysed in a fixed bed reactor at different temperatures and heating rates. The specific area and pore structure, micromorphology of different biomass chars were measured by a nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis instrument and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The...
Pyrolysis oil (also called bio-oils) produced from biomass is a promising substitute for fossil fuels. However, bio-oil has many shortcomings, such as high viscosity, high oxygenate content, low stability and low heating value. Therefore, it is hard for direct high-grade fuel utilization before upgrading. In this paper, bio-oil upgrading techniques, such as catalytic hydrogenation, catalytic cracking,...
Biomass energy is an important resource in resolving the energy crisis and pyrolysis is the most important method in making use of it. Pyrolysis in the absence of oxygen is called as carbonization. Biomass could be converted to charcoal, liquid and gas products using the carbonization process at different temperatures. The chemical composition and yields of charcoal, liquid and gas are determined...
Streptomyces albulus TUST2, separated from a soil sample of Hainan Island, was cultivated in a stirred, submerged aerated 5-1 bioreactor. Carbon source and nitrogen source effects were clarified in fed-batch fermentation, particularly glucose and ammonium sulfate feedings for enhancing the epsiv-poly-L-lysine (epsiv-PL) production were elucidated. The culture was divided into two control phases. In...
This paper presents a nonlinear predictive control (NMPC) strategy applied to the continuous microalgae cultivation process in a closed photobioreactor. The photo-bioreactor system is programmed to operate in a constant biomass density mode, in order to maintain the culture at the optimal population density and sustain high biomass production levels. This objective is achieved by regulating the biomass...
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