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Ambitious target of reaching 100% renewable share of primary energy supply in Nordic countries by year 2050 is analysed by using TIMES-VTT energy system model. Role and feasibility of power-to-gas (P2G) technologies, producing methane (CH4) gas from surplus electricity, is analysed in context with high levels of wind and solar power. Three scenarios are set with varying constraints for the energy...
Elephant grass is a fast growing and low nutrient demand plant with significant potential as a renewable energy source. In this work, the influence of heating temperatures, N2 sweeping gas flow rates and CaCl2 catalyzer weights on the yields of products and chemical composition of bio-gas was investigated by pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis of elephant grass in a fixed bed reactor. The results showed...
Biomass energy is a renewable and potential resource. In order to research the conversion of cornstalk biomass (the agricultural residues) into the fuel methanol and the effective utilization of biomass energy, the low-heat-value cornstalk gas was produced by means of the thermo-chemical method in the down-flow fixed bed gasifier. The cornstalk gas was purified and the technical procedures such as...
Different kinds of biomass chars of the wheat straws, rice straw, cotton straw collected at Nanjing, China, were pyrolysed in a fixed bed reactor at different temperatures and heating rates. The specific area and pore structure, micromorphology of different biomass chars were measured by a nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis instrument and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The...
Pyrolysis oil (also called bio-oils) produced from biomass is a promising substitute for fossil fuels. However, bio-oil has many shortcomings, such as high viscosity, high oxygenate content, low stability and low heating value. Therefore, it is hard for direct high-grade fuel utilization before upgrading. In this paper, bio-oil upgrading techniques, such as catalytic hydrogenation, catalytic cracking,...
The copyrolysis of biomass/polyolefin mixture was performed to obtain gaseous hydrocarbons. The difference of the gaseous fractions was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). The optimum condition for C3-C4 gases production was temperature 410°C, the biomass/polyolefin (in mass) mixtures ratio 1:1. At 410°C, the copyrolysis leaded to the production of more than 30% (in mass) of gases. It should be noted...
A simulation of direct dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis from syn-gas, produced via biomass gasification and catalytic reforming, has been processed on the assumption of both physical and thermodynamic equilibrium. Simulation showed that reaction temperature, pressure and syn-gas composition are have the most important effect on DME synthesis behavior. In which, low temperature and high pressure would...
The gasification technology is now considered to be in an advanced stage of development. Hence there is huge expectation from the user industry for its application. Gasification is a process that converts carbonaceous materials, such as coal, petroleum, or biomass, into carbon monoxide and hydrogen by reacting the raw material at high temperatures with a controlled amount of oxygen. The resulting...
Two kinds of physical methods, vacuum evaporation and steam stripping, combined with overliming (calcium hydroxide) were applied to remove inhibitors which were produced simultaneously during the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. Corn stover was steam exploded; the filtrate was hydrolyzed with dilute sulfuric acid. The acid hydrolyzate was then detoxified and fermented by yeast. Physical methods...
Microwave pyrolysis technology was used to get bio-oil from fir sawdust. Fir sawdust was mixed with microwave absorption medium (glycerol and ionic liquid) in pyrolysis process. The ratio of absorption medium to fir sawdust was investigated, and result shows that the optimal ratio of glycerol to fir sawdust is 3:1, the optimal ratio of ionic liquid to fir sawdust is 2:1. Fourier Transform Infrared...
The DOE Biomass Program is tackling the challenge of advancing biomass energy technologies and systems from concept to commercial adoption with a goal of enabling the production and use of biofuels to help reduce future U.S. oil consumption. The complexity of the biomass-to-biofuels system of systems and the combined dynamics of the existing agriculture, forestry, energy and transportation markets...
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