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The paper investigates a two-echelon fresh agricultural products supply chain(FAPSC) consisting of a supplier and a retailer in which the demand of the retailer is both price and quality sensitive. The wholesale price contract and the option contract based on fresh agricultural products quality is researched. The optimal decisions of the FAPSC with and without option contract are analyzed. The result...
Futures traders usually face to the uncertainties of prices and trading quantities of the underlying commodities. The hedging decision is also affected by the agency condition in the trading process. This note works on the above issues by constructing the models with proper considerations. Empirical research is implemented by using the data of fuel oil futures from Shanghai futures exchange. It turns...
Risk is a concern for any project whereas infrastructure energy projects are considered more sensitive. The complication of such projects is deepened by great deal of required capital, lots of interfaces and diversified stakeholders. While capital is of the essence, its provision could be done through 'project finance' or 'traditional finance'. The two streams of lending are elaborated while the prominence...
Informational imperfections and uncertainty have been in the focus of recent literature as they are the source of much of the difference between first- and second-best scenarios. This is an application of these concepts to agricultural development as risks ranging from price fluctuations to environmental conditions and inequalities of access to information manifest itself at both the micro and the...
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