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In this paper an overview of the angle based particle swarm optimization algorithm (thetas-PSO) followed by its application to optimal reactive power procurement is provided. Among the ancillary services is the reactive power control, which has an important role in efficient operation of the power systems. Implementing a commercial based structure for reactive power scheduling is the most attractive...
Implementation of electricity market is facing many challenges in developing countries like India. The market for real power is gaining more interest of investors while the market for reactive power has less incentive due to its technical limitation. But reactive power is of importance for system security and improving the line transmission capacity. The system operator is therefore willing to buy...
This paper describes the recent developments and proposals for Ancillary Services trading between Southern African Power Pool (SAPP) members. Ancillary services are the services, apart from energy, required to maintain reliability of the interconnected power system. Reactive power and operating reserve services maintain voltage and frequency of the interconnection within acceptable levels and in the...
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