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In this paper, we developed a software defined radio (SDR) system for implementing energy detection spectrum sensing. The SDR module can be used for a wide range of applications. The use of the SDR module is motivated by its high interoperability, availability for relatively cheaper prices and being software independent. Energy detection for cognitive radios is chosen for its simplicity and popularity...
In recent times, the popularity of Cognitive Radio has been increased because of its spectrum sensing characteristics. Using CR, the spectrum is utilized efficiently and maintain efficient communication when the primary user is not using the spectrum. In this paper, Bayesian detector is used for detecting the presence of primary user's signal. This approach is optimal when PU is not using the spectrum...
Cognitive Radio (CR) is a technique that was headed ahead for utilizing the unused spread spectrum effectively with less interference. The principal task of a CR system is to sense the holes (spaces) effectively and efficiently in the designated frequency spectrum. Here in this work spectrum sensing is carried out by Cyclostationary detector. A random signal is generated and it is modulated either...
This paper evaluates the performance of spectrum sensing techniques like energy detector and matched filter in Cognitive Radio systems. To solve the problem of spectral detection two hypotheses H0 and H1, are considered. A statistic test over the received data is compared with a predetermined threshold, to check the availability of the channel and the accuracy of the detector. Hence, a detection probability...
In the modern era due to increase in large number of users the issue of spectrum congestion arises. This type of muddle can be resolve by various techniques but Cognitive radio is one of them. Cognitive Radio is a smart technique that can provide the efficient usage of spectrum. The spectrum sensing is the chief principle of cognitive radio networks. This paper covers the major contents of Cognitive...
Cognitive Radio (CR) is an intelligent technique for opportunistic access of idle resources. In CR, Spectrum sensing is one of its important key functionalities. It is used to sense the unused spectrum in an opportunistic manner. Energy detection constitutes a preferred approach for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio due to its simplicity and applicability. The conventional energy detection technique,...
The radio spectrum is the most vital resource that needs to be efficiently utilized. The cognitive radio technology has been proposed to overcome the problem of spectrum under utilization. One of the key challenges for a cognitive radio system is to detect the presence of primary (licensed) users over the entire dynamic spectrum at a specific time and a particular geographic location. Thus for effective...
Cognitive radio (CR) technology allows the unlicensed user to access the licensed spectrum bands. Spectrum sensing is an essential function in cognitive radio to detect the spectrum holes and opportunistically use the underutilized frequency bands without causing interference to primary user (PU). In this paper we are maximizing the throughput capacity of cognitive radio user and hence the performance...
Opportunistic spectrum access is a critical application in the context of cognitive radio, and knowing that the detection of free bands in the spectrum is the key to such application. It has shown that the detection of energy is the most convenient method, in the sense that there is no a priori information about the primary user. In this work, The implementation of the energy detection technique has...
Cognitive radio (CR) technology allows a secondary or cognitive user (CU) to opportunistically access frequency band of a primary user (PU) when it is not in use. However, a CU needs to perform spectrum sensing periodically to avoid causing harmful interference and thereby protecting the quality of service of PUs. A conventional frame structure for CR operation consists of sensing time slot and data...
Cognitive radio systems are capable of sensing the prevailing environmental conditions and automatically adapting its operating parameters in order to enhance system and network performance. Spectrum sensing is an important enabling technology for future opportunistic spectrum sharing scenarios. In this paper, a novel protocol is proposed to determine the maximum number of samples required to obtain...
Spectrum sensing is a fundamental technology to detect the presence of primary user in cognitive radio networks. Usually, the requirements for spectrum sensing are very stringent. It requires that the spectrum sensing scheme has a good performance even in extremely low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environments. In this paper, we propose a novel spectrum sensing method based on stochastic resonance...
In this contribution, time varying threshold sequential detectors are employed for energy detection-based spectrum sensing in low- SNR regimes. Sequential detection is proven to be faster (on average) than any other multi-sample detector for a set of given probabilities of detection and false-alarm. In this report, exact performance of a sequential detector for spectrum sensing is analyzed using the...
Spectrum sensing is one of the key issues in cognitive radio. Among the techniques for signal detection, the energy detector (ED) is widely used due to its simplicity. However, setting the threshold for the energy detector requires some knowledge of the noise power level, which can be provided by suitable estimation methods. In this paper, we derive analytical expressions relating the threshold, the...
Reliable spectrum sensing is one of the main challenges in the development of cognitive radios. To achieve the high probability of detection at very low SNRs, some feature detection schemes have been proposed in the literature based on the cyclo-stationarity theorem. One limitation of such methods is their high sensitivity to RF and analog impairments. This paper focuses on analysis and compensation...
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