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In direct current (DC) system, there is no zero-cross of voltage curve, so that dangerous arc discharge shall be occurred inevitably between poles. Also, inrush current must be occurred in capacitors inside of ICT equipment. These unpreferable phenomenons will be happened at every movement of connect and disconnect. So, stable protection shall be necessary for human safety. New appliance coupler with...
Recently, distributed generations (DGs) have been widely used in distribution networks. Using DGs in the grid-connected mode leads to increase of the fault current level. This increase can affect the existing equipment especially circuit breakers (CBs) and operation of overcurrent relays. Current limiting reactor (CLR) has been proposed to reduce the effect of micro-grids (MGs) on the existing protection...
Plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) charging equipment incorporates protection that ensures that grid disturbances do not damage the charger or vehicle. When the grid voltage sags below 80% of nominal, undervoltage protection is likely to disconnect the charging load from the grid. Most PEV charging will occur overnight, when non-PEV load is at a minimum. This paper argues that PEV voltage-sag response,...
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