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This paper considers a liver implanted antenna and its associated radio telemetric channel using ultra wideband (UWB) technology. The performance of both the implant antenna and the radio channel is evaluated numerically and experimentally using human equivalent multilayer phantom to obtain S-parameter results within the 4–8 GHz band for various distances between the implanted antenna and a body-worn...
Wireless sensor network (WSN) refers to a group of spatially dispersed and dedicated sensors for monitoring and recording the physical conditions of the environment and organizing the collected data at a central location. WSNs measure environmental conditions like temperature, sound, pollution levels, humidity, wind speed and direction, pressure, etc. Sensors are usually attached to microcontroller...
Energy efficiency is an active research area in WSNs technology. There is an extensive research work going towards this direction and existing mechanisms fail to address the problem completely due to its limited specificity. This work focuses on the idea of enhancing the network lifetime on the basis of cluster-heads (CHs) remaining energy levels. Thus, instead of changing CHs at every round for dynamic...
We evaluate a routing metric, called TXPFI, which captures the expected number of frame transmissions needed for successful delivery of data in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) featuring non-fully cooperative nodes and unreliable links. The study, which addresses the exploitation of the TXPFI in routing protocols of distance-vector type, assesses the impact of different network settings on the performance...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) often need to operate under strict requirements on energy consumption and be capable of self-adapting to the presence of non-trusted nodes which do not fully cooperate in the packet forwarding operation. In such an environment, the mechanism employed for the calculation of routing paths of minimum cost in terms of the number of transmissions executed for the reliable...
Wireless sensor networks observe the occurrences of concerned events by the collaboration between sensor nodes via wireless communication. Sensors are usually prone to errors due to the unstable conditions they are exposed to. The goal is to solve event boundary detection with faulty sensors (EBDF) problem which is to successfully identify the sensor nodes close to the event boundary when faulty sensors...
Wireless Sensor Networks are by nature deployed over an undetermined geographical area with uncountable number of nodes, which makes them best studied through simulation. Due to special characteristics of these networks a number of simulation tools have been introduced by institutes and individuals each with different mechanisms and approaches. Hence, selecting a proper simulator based on the network...
In Wireless Sensor-Actor Networks (WSANs), sensors probe their surroundings and send their data to more capable actor nodes in order to execute an application task. The actors' response is mostly collaborative and requires them to coordinate their operation. Therefore, a strongly connected inter-actor topology would be necessary at all time and tolerance of an actor failure becomes a design requirement...
Topology change is the main factor that affects the network life time of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications. In static WSN, the topology change is often caused by node failure which is due to energy depletion. However, in the Mobile WSN (MWSN), the main reason of the topology change is caused by the node movement. Since the mobile sensor nodes are limited in power supply and have a low radio...
The most important consideration in designing protocols for wireless sensor networks is the energy constraint of nodes because in most cases battery recharging is inconvenient or impossible. Therefore, many research have been done to overcome this demerit. Clustering is one of the main approaches in designing scalable and energy-efficient protocols for wireless sensor networks. The cluster heads take...
The hierarchical localization method classifies nodes into frame nodes and ordinary nodes. The frame nodes are localized by centralized algorithm first, and then the ordinary nodes are localized. This paper presents a distributed hierarchical localization method, in which the frame nodes' locations are computed by distributed algorithm. This method does not require a central node in the network, and...
Understanding the energy consumption of individual tasks in wireless sensor networks (WSN) is an important aspect for a network deployment. The fundamental task of WSNs is to gather data in the long-term manner. All additive processes such as routing and localization should not significantly affect the life time of the WSN. It was already proved that concurrent anchor free localization algorithms...
For multicast applications with large-scale groups in large-scale wireless sensor networks, it is an important issue for energy saving in geographic multicasting both to obtain location information of destination nodes and to construct the geographic multicast tree efficiently. To address this issue, there have been proposed global search based hierarchical geographic multicasting protocols. Such...
We consider the connectivity of finite two-dimensional wireless networks consisting of a finite number of randomly deployed nodes and sinks at fixed locations. First, we focus on the likelihood that each node is able to convey a message to at least one of the few sinks. We then consider the potential for partial network connectivity under the same configuration. We derive approximate solutions using...
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