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An automatic Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology can contribute to the utility grid. V2G technology has drawn great interest in the recent years. Success of the sophisticated automatic V2G research depends on efficient scheduling of gridable vehicles in constrained parking lots. Parking lots have constraints of space and current limits for V2G. However, V2G can reduce dependencies on small expensive...
An analytical derivation of the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) for energy management of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) is presented, based on Pontryagin's minimum principle. The derivation is obtained using a generic formulation of the energy management problem in HEVs and is valid for any powertrain architecture. Simulation results obtained for a series HEV are also provided.
This paper is dealing with the solution of the hydrothermal scheduling problem by using evolutionary algorithm. The aim of this study is to minimize the fuel cost and ramping cost of thermal units by utilizing both hydro and thermal units optimally. In evolutionary programming, new generations are produced from randomly generated initial vector by Gauss and Cauchy mutations and they compete with parent...
A solution technique for a lossy hydrothermal coordination problem with limited-energy-supply thermal units is given. The technique is based on first order gradient method. The transmission losses are incorporated into the solution process via the reference bus penalty factors. These reference bus penalty factors are obtained from Jacobian matrix that is calculated at the end of Newton-Raphson iterations...
Most of today's development work in fuel cells is geared to the specific adaptation of these energy sources to user requirements. For powering lightweight portable equipment, the fuel cell??battery hybrid system has been found to be extremely useful and versatile. A minimum number of fuel cell and battery components can service a wide range of equipment at low development costs.
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