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Antiretroviral therapy has changed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection from a near-certainly fatal illness to one that can be managed chronically. More patients are taking antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for longer periods of time, which naturally results in more observed toxicity. Overdose with ARVs is not commonly reported. The most serious overdose outcomes have been reported in neonates who...
Worldwide every year approximately 750000 children become infected with HIV, mostly through mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Without specific interventions, the rate of MTCT is approximately 15–20%, with prolonged breastfeeding doubling the rate to 35–40%. Current approaches to intervention to reduce the risk of MTCT focus mainly on antiretroviral prophylaxis during pregnancy, labour and in the...
In the Western Cape province of South Africa, a prevention of mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT) intervention programme, based on short-course nevirapine, achieved universal coverage in 2003. Despite this programme, an estimated 1400–1650 HIV-infected children were born in the province in that year. These crude estimates suggest that there are many children in the province who need medical care...
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