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Functional and structural neuroimaging studies of major depression disorder (MDD) have identified neurophysiologic abnormalities in multiple areas of the prefrontal cortex, the insula, the amygdale and the related parts of the striatum and thalamus. The functional knowledge of MDD was mainly obtained from the fMRI and PET studies, which reveal the local differences in blood oxygenation and metabolism...
Corticostriatal dynamics exhibit gross alterations over the course of natural motor learning, yet little is known about the role they play in neuroprosthetic tasks. We therefore investigated interactions between the striatum and primary motor cortex while rats learned to control a brain-machine interface. Striatal firing rates increased greatly from early to late in learning, suggesting that the striatum...
Certain neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease are diagnosed by imaging centrally located brain structures such as basal ganglia and striatum. High sensitivity imaging of these structures is essential for the early-stage diagnosis of the disorder. We simulated a multi-geometric collimator that combines a short-focal-length astigmatic half-cone-beam collimator, designed to efficiently image...
MDMA is a widely abused amphetamine derivative that alters serotonin (5-HT) release via the reverse serotonin re-uptake transporter (SERT) mechanism. This phenomenon leads to neurotoxicity in the synaptic clefts, especially in the striatum. As the major function of the striatum is planning and modulating movement pathways and cognitive processes, the objective of this study is to investigate the neuronal...
This study was undertaken to examine the patterns of changes in extracellular fluid (ECF) dopamine (DA), orepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) in the striatum of rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The effect of Puerarin on monoamine neurotransmitter in the MCAO rats was also studied. Methods: Microdialysis was used to sample the brains extracellular space during 80 min of cerebral...
The technique of blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to provide a spatial-temporal mapping of nociceptive activation in brain. We contrived to obtain an illustration of the pain related regions by injecting formalin at the hindpaw using a 4.7 T MR system in alpha-chloralose anesthetized rats. In order to obtain the pain response, we avoided...
The technique of blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to provide a spatial-temporal mapping of nociceptive activation in brain. We contrived to obtain an illustration of the pain related regions by injecting formalin at the hindpaw using a 4.7 T MR system in α-chloralose anesthetized rats. In order to obtain the pain response, we avoided any...
This article reviews neuronal activity related to reward processing in primate and human brains. In the primate brain, neurophysiological methods provide a differentiated view of reward processing in a limited number of brain structures. Dopamine neurons respond to unpredictable rewards and produce a global reinforcement signal. Some neurons in the striatum also react to the expectation and detection...
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