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Vehicle Routing Problem(VRP) is one of the most important and classical issues in the logistics distribution field. However, the excessive consumption of oil resources makes a dramatic increase in emissions of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere which causes a deterioration of the environment around us for the past few years. The electric vehicle(EV) is a better alternative which operates with batteries...
As battery electric vehicles are more and more popular nowadays, this paper presents an Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows and Battery Swapping Stations to extend their range of application. In the problem, a fleet of the same kind of battery electric vehicles will fulfill the demand of all customers within the serving area by means of delivery operation with a fixed battery swapping...
This paper introduces the electric Modular Fleet Size and Mix Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (eM-FSMVRPTW), which deals with introducing new types of electric vehicles for urban freight delivery taking into account the possibility of recharging at a customer location. These electric vehicles differ from battery electric vehicles because their modules are autonomous in terms of consumption...
Until the year 2020, Germany has established a national development plan with the goal to push one million fully electric vehicles into use. Part of the plan is to establish a number of federally funded research projects which investigate and tackle domain specific problems, e.g. the limited driving range of electric cars. Freight traffic is especially hampered by those range restrictions. The Smart...
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