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The paper presents an overview about operation and control of the inverter-interface generation units (IGUs) when connected to a microgrid either alone or together with other generation units. The following key connection paradigms are considered: i) one IGU and a grid, ii) one IGU and one machine-interface generation unit, iii) a single IGU, and iv) two IGUs. After illustrating how the IGUs operate...
This paper presents a method to shed off the least important loads in a microgrid operated at constant frequency under the contingency of inadequate power generation. Different from conventional frequency deviation based load shedding, this paper discusses in detail how to shed off load based on the voltage deviation. The key issue is to differentiate whether the voltage deviation is due to sudden...
On-site small-scale electricity generation through a cluster of micro-sources with their local loads known as, microgrid has attracted significant attention as an alternative to traditional centralized power generation plants. The advantage of microgrid lies in its capability to work in stand-alone (island) and grid-connected mode. During the transition from grid-connected mode to island mode, there...
With the development of microgrid technologies, more and more distributed renewable sources have been connected into microgrids to provide power for loads. The coming problem is how to manage the distributed generations (DGs) that are not within the planning of a microgrid, one feasible solution is to realize the plug-and-play function of DGs. Focusing on this problem, this paper proposes a control...
We propose a decentralized Maximum Likelihood solution for estimating the stochastic renewable power generation and demand in single bus Direct Current (DC) MicroGrids (MGs), with high penetration of droop controlled power electronic converters. The solution relies on the fact that the primary control parameters are set in accordance with the local power generation status of the generators. Therefore,...
The demand for uninterrupted power supply is making the world look for alternate energy resources at affordable price. Small scale and localised hybrid energy sources such as solar power, biomass and small scale wind power generators will aid in sustaining the energy in main grid due to hyperbolic increase in energy demand. For better efficient system and to reduce complexity in operation and control,...
Advent of smart grids and microgrids has created a need for fast, reliable and robust communication network, as it directly affects the energy flow and power management. Conventional droop methods, though reliable, are slow and not very accurate. Hence, a suitable communication protocol and a well-defined architecture, which would perform satisfactorily in a harsh electrical environment is a must...
Islanded DC microgrid architecture and control have become popular recently. One of the main control architectures is the DC bus voltage following type, where a main generator controls the DC bus voltage and the others follow the bus voltage and the power commands. Conventionally, the power regulation in the following generators is often employed with the droop control method. The main problem of...
This paper analyses a three-phase four-leg voltage sourced inverter (VSI) based load unbalance compensator (LUC) including its control algorithm, which is a component of a microgrid. The purpose of proposed three-phase four-leg VSI based LUC is to improve power quality of the stand-alone microgrid. Power quality of the microgrid which was installed in Mara-island, Korea is analysed using a real operational...
This paper gives an overview about droop based power sharing issues of parallel connected dc-dc converters in low voltage dc microgrid. Droop control is the popular technique for power sharing in dc microgrid. The main drawbacks of the conventional droop methods are, poor current sharing and drop in dc grid voltage due to large droop gain. In this paper, a modified figure of merit called proportional...
Due to fossil fuel depletion, power shortage has become a major problem in the world. This increases the importance of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) among the consumers which in turn led to the expansion of microgrid. Microgrid operates in grid-connected mode as well as in islanded mode. Microgrid is connected to main grid in grid connected mode. In islanded mode, there is no such connection...
Battery energy storage system (BESS) is the key element to integrate a distributed generation (DG) unit into a microgrid. This paper presents a microgrid consisting of singlephase photovoltaic (PV) arrays which function as the primary DG units and a BESS to supplement the intermittent PV power generation and demand variations in the microgrid. An energy management system is proposed to coordinate...
A paradigm shift is evolving for the way electrical power is being generated from the traditional concept of centralized large generators to small generators connected to the distribution system powered by non conventional and renewable sources. These small generators were primarily for back up and were not synchronized to the grid. A trend is being observed to change the role of these distributed...
The use of renewable energy source (RES) in meet the demand of electrical energy is getting into attention as solution of the problem a deficit of electrical energy. Application of RES in electricity generation system is done in a variety of configurations, among others in microgrid system. Implementation of microgrid systems provide many advantages both from the user and from the electric utility...
In this paper, a generalized droop-control scheme for low-voltage microgrid is proposed. The control scheme includes three mutually interacting droop control loops for regulating the power flows between the primary energy sources and the common ac bus. The first droop control is adopted directly from the conventional P/f and Q/V droop control for enabling an automatic power sharing between parallel-connected...
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