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Distributed energy resources are increasingly being connected to the utility grid by means of an inverter. The basic information necessary for these inverter-connected distribution units are the frequency and phase angle of the utility grid. The phase angle can be estimated using phase-locked loops (PLLs). Voltage unbalance, harmonics and other kinds of undesirable pertubations are common conditions...
The many different islanding detection methods for anti-islanding protection in power system are discussed. Passive, active and remote techniques are reviewed. Most of the ldquoactive methodsrdquo discussed are developed for photovoltaic (PV) as a distributed energy resource. Some recent methods can be use for any type of distributed generation. A final comparison of active islanding detection methods...
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