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Extending the period of operation (lifetime) of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is one of the most critical issues. Their limitations are due to limited energy resources. Available research results reveal that significant improvement in WSN lifetime can be achieved by adding spares (spare nodes). At the moment of WSN deployment, the minimum required coverage of WSN targets is assured by the primaries...
Clustering is one of the basic approaches for designing energy-efficient and scalable distributed sensor networks. HEED is a well known energy efficient clustering protocol. In this protocol, the message overhead is low and cluster heads are distributed fairly across the network. Our distributed clustering protocol, HEED*, improves HEED protocol to achieve energy efficiency with three techniques:...
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are known to be highly energy-constrained and each networkpsilas lifetime has a strong dependence on the nodespsila battery capacity. As such, the network lifetime has been a critical concern in WSN research. While numerous energy-efficient protocols have been proposed to prolong the network lifetime, various definitions of network lifetime have also been used for the...
Major concern of energy constrained WSN technology is to design energy efficiency and low latency communication protocol, multilayer clustering the whole system nodes is an efficient solution to prolong network lifetime and decrease system latency to the event. By using the layer rotation, all nodes energy has been sufficiently used. In the simulation, our proposed protocol shows better energy efficiency...
Sink mobility has become an increasingly important requirement of various sensor network applications. Handling such mobile sink conditions brings new challenges to large-scale sensor networking. This investigation proposed a hybrid-structure routing protocol (HSRP) that combines the benefits of grid-based and cluster-based structures. Grid-based structure is designed to solve the cluster head selection...
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