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One of the most well-known clustering methods for wireless sensor network is, no doubt, the so-called low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) because it is simple and easy to implement. Although LEACH tries to provide a fair selection mechanism by randomly selecting a number of sensors as the cluster-heads, it does not take into account the distribution of sensors, the main reason that LEACH...
Wireless sensors are used to acquire the data from different environments such civilian applications, military, tracking, seismic measurements and monitoring applications in order to take necessary actions or to prevent the disasters, to do so all sensors consumes more energy. Since, the sensor is a battery operated device the lifetime of each sensor is reduced. Therefore effective cluster formation...
WSN (Wireless sensor network) comprises of large number of tiny, inexpensive, computationally capable and energy constrained nodes that find use in various surveillance and monitoring applications. Data sensed by these nodes is transfused to the base station using various routing procedures. The pivotal issue in wireless sensor networks is of lifetime and energy conservation as the sensor nodes' energy...
Wireless sensor network is one of the emerging technologies in wireless networks and communication. WSN composed of large number of small sensors which senses the physical situations occurred in the environment. For WSNs, energy efficiency is the main challenge and to create efficient networks, sophisticated routing algorithms are designed. Clustering algorithm is one of technique used in WSN to minimize...
Sensor nodes depend on power source, but they deplete rapidly. The major issues of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) are its energy source constraints. We are able to solve this issue by using clustering architecture. In this paper we study about various clustering techniques used in WSN. The large-scale deployment of WSNs and the need for data aggregation resolve this issue mainly. Clustering is best...
Wireless Sensor Network is a network of small battery powered sensing devices (known as sensing nodes), capable of sensing the physical parameters like temperature, humidity, pressure, motion, etc. from its environment of deployment and report it to a central node called base station. These nodes collaborate with each other to fulfill their task. As the energy source is constrained in WSNs, it should...
Wireless sensor networks are those that are used for the communication between various sensor nodes to the base station. Heterogeneity in such networks is used to manage the network deployment cost and the network traffic. A hierarchical cost effective LEACH (HCEL) protocol is proposed to enhance energy efficiency of the sensor nodes thereby maximizing the network performance without increasing the...
Wireless sensor network consists of micro electro-mechanical sensor nodes which are operated by battery power. Sensor nodes lose energy for computation and communication. It is very difficult to recharge their battery as they are deployed in a remote place. Thus, power efficient routing in wireless sensor network is the main challenge for researchers. Hierarchical routing is one of the efficient techniques...
In commercial development and research the growth of Wireless sensor networks are very fast. Target coverage is one of the most active areas of research in wireless sensor networks. Coverage in wireless sensor networks is usually defined as a measure of how well and how long the sensors are able to observe the physical space. Several nodes deployments and design based has been developed depending...
The wireless sensor network is consisting of a large number of micro chips with limited energy capacities that are capable of gathering data in different kinds of environments. Clustering sensors into small groups and each group is controlled by a cluster head, so that sensors transmit data to cluster-heads only and then cluster-heads send the aggregated information to the base station, may save some...
A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of a lot of inexpensive sensors that have a limited energy resource. Many applications including environment monitoring use a clustering approach for efficient energy consumption. LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) is the most famous one of clustering protocols, which enables the balanced consumption of energy to prolong network lifetime. In LEACH,...
Network lifetime is one of the most vital issues in wireless sensor network and is fundamental to any design and development effort. Extending the life time requires energy efficiency in every aspect. Besides, fuzziness, a feature of imperfect information was used to measure the distances between the sensed values. Involved with type-2 fuzzy sets, an effectively thresholding method is proposed and...
Recent advancements in processor, memory and radio technologies have enabled cheap and small sensors which are capable of sensing, communication and computation. Most of the Wireless Sensor Networks have limitation of battery power and in most of the applications it is not possible to replace the battery of a node. Considering this scarce energy and processing resources of WSN, we try to establish...
In WSN, sensors near the sink have to relay the data of the nodes away from the sink and as a result they drain their energy very quickly. It result in network partitioning and can significantly limit the network lifetime. This problem is termed as hotspot problem. Recently, formation of hot spot or energy hole near the sink has emerged as a critical issue for data gathering in WSN. In this paper,...
The Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a type of the wireless ad-hoc networks. It consisting of a large number of sensors is effective for gathering data in a variety of environments. Since the sensors operate on battery of limited power, it is a great challenging aim to design an energy efficient routing protocol, which can minimize the delay while offering high-energy efficiency and long span of network...
The recent interest in Wireless Sensor Networks has led to a number of clustering algorithms that use the limited energy available at sensors more efficiently. In this article, we present a heritable clustering algorithm based on HEED for low energy wireless sensor network. It brings in appointment mechanism to reduce the cluster head reelect overhead efficiently. In the cluster, TDMA communication...
Energy efficiency is a primary concern in the design of algorithms and protocols for wireless sensor networks. For a long time, researchers have made great efforts to efficiently utilize the limited energy storage of sensors. Recently, it was shown that external energy resources can be harvested by the sensors in order to increase their lifetime. This paper elaborates on the role of recharging in...
Energy (battery) of the sensor node is considered as the scarcest resource in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), hence a communication protocol that efficiently uses the limited energy must be developed. In this paper, Region-based Energy-aware Clustering (REC) scheme is presented to optimize the energy usage, with clustering has been identified as an effective data forwarding technique in WSN. With REC,...
A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of hundreds or thousands of energy-limited sensors. Distributing energy dissipation evenly throughout the sensors and saving energy are important goals in designing of WSN protocol. In this paper, we propose an improved energy-efficient algorithm based on L-DCHS (IEAL), it adds a cluster head in each cluster with a novel method, and prolong the steady-state...
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can be used in many applications. Object tracking is one of the most important applications. There are many researches about tracking individual object but few researches on tracking continuous object. Continuous object affects a large number of nodes so needs more communication and cooperation to track it comparing with individual object. In this paper we propose an...
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