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In this paper a non-linear second order circuit model of high temperature Sodium-Nickel Chloride batteries (SNBs) is presented. The aim is the development of an accurate model easily implementable in microgrids Energy Management System and suitable for their real-time control. The proposed model is based on the analysis of the experimental performance of a commercial 23.5 kWh SNB. In particular, the...
The importance of energy storage technologies is being recognised by more and more power system professionals lately. If properly designed, installed and operated, storage can provide flexibility, and be a valuable component of future electricity networks. Although regulatory and market conditions still have to be improved, the potential of energy storage is unequivocal. As power companies are seeking...
This paper deals with a state of charge (SOC) observer for a lithium ion battery, based on a Kalman filter and on the main electrochemical phenomena modeling. In this paper, a method to consider the hysteresis phenomenon on the Open Circuit Voltage has been developed and included into a SOC observer.
With the development of smart grid, energy storage technology will play an increasingly important role in the power system. As an excellent quick energy storage device, super capacitors have instantaneous power densities more significant than batteries and energy densities larger than dielectric capacitors, and have been widely applied to power quality conditioning equipment, new energy power generation...
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