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The degree of white matter (WM) myelination is rather inhomogeneous across the brain. As a consequence, white matter appears differently across the cortical lobes in MR images acquired during early postnatal development. At 1 year old specifically, the gray/white matter contrast of MR images in prefrontal and temporal lobes is limited and thus tissue segmentation results show commonly reduce accuracy...
Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence that employs a variety of statistical, probabilistic and optimization techniques that allows computers to “learn” from past examples and to detect hard-to-discern patterns from large, noisy or complex data sets. As a result, machine learning is frequently used in cancer diagnosis and detection. In this paper, support vector machines, K-nearest...
Mammography is probably the best method for early detection of abnormalities in the breast tissue. Higher breast tissue densities significantly reduce the overall detection sensitivity and can lead to false negative results. In automatic detection algorithms, knowledge about breast density can also be useful for setting an appropriate threshold. It is impossible to produce satisfactory classification...
Karyotyping is a set of procedures, in the scope of the cytogenetics, that produces a visual representation of the 46 chromosomes observed during the metaphase step of the cellular division, called mitosis, paired and arranged in decreasing order of size. Automatic pairing of bone marrow cells is a difficult task because these chromosomes appear distorted, overlapped, and their images are usually...
wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is an important device to detect abnormalities in small intestine. Despite emerging technologies, reviewing capsule endoscopic video is a labor intensive task and very time consuming. Computational tools which automatically detect informative frames and tag abnormal conditions such as bleeding, ulcer or tumor will dramatically reduce the clinician's effort. In this...
Cytogenetics is the preferred tool in the diagnosis of genetic diseases such as leukemia and detection of aquired chromosomal abnormalities, such as translocations, deletions, monosomies or trisomies, etc. The karyotyping is a set of procedures, in the scope of the cytogenetics, that produces a visual representation of the 46 chromosomes, paired and arranged in decreasing order of size, observed during...
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