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The structure and working principle of hybrid energy storage system are introduced. The classical RC model of ultracapacitor is analyzed, and the topology of charging and discharging converter of energy storage system is studied. A ultracapacitor-battery hybrid energy storage system model based on bidirectional boost-buck circuit is constructed, and the charging and discharging process of the energy...
This work presents the implementation of a control strategy for a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) that uses a battery and an ultracapacitor as energy sources. For this configuration we developed a power demand prediction model which is intended for the power distribution of the vehicular system between the two sources. The proposed model, based on Wavelet decomposition and Neural Network, is a hybrid...
Modelling, sizing and control of a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) made up of Batteries (B) and Supercapacitors (S) is presented in this paper. The HESS is characterized by an integrated topology through a Three-level Neutral-Point Clamped Converter (NPC), leading to a highly-integrated electric propulsion system. Accurate modelling of both B and S are considered at first, although some simplifications...
This paper studies an energy management problem for an isolated microgrid including photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, batteries and ultracapacitors. A normal form game is proposed for the energy management to maximize the energy utilization ratio of renewable energy sources, extend the battery life and keep the ultracapacitors able to compensate the dynamic variations. The solution of this game...
The results of a studying of autonomous hoppers of electricity based on batteries and supercapacitors are presented. Characteristics of different variants of equivalent circuits of electric power hopper devices were studied by modeling. The optimal operating modes of hybrid electric hoppers were established, as well as the identified parameters of the circuit elements such drives, in which the greatest...
Terrain information can significantly impact load power demand, and in turn, on battery life and system efficiency of a hybrid energy storage system (ESS) with battery and supercapacitor. Taking terrain information ahead into consideration for proactive power management is one of the most important ways to improve battery life and overall system efficiency. However, since terrain information is typically...
Supercapacitors or ultracapacitors are promising energy storage devices due to their capability to deliver high peak current and to capture a huge amount of energy in a short time with very low internal power loss. In particular, supercapacitors currently seems to be interesting device for many applications because they can supply high power for a significant amount of time and can be recharged more...
In this paperwork a circuit for charging supercapacitors has been studied. This circuit also provides voltage balancing over series connected supercapacitor cells. Simulation models have been created, using MatLab and LTSpiceIV. Simulations and experimental studies have been made.
Lithium-ion battery performance is significantly reduced at low temperatures, where substantially increased resistance reduces power capability and lithium plating causes charging limitations. To reduce the low-temperature limitations of an electric vehicle battery pack, a hybrid energy storage system consisting of a battery pack, an ultracapacitor pack, and a dc/dc converter is investigated. A low-temperature...
Impedance spectroscopy is a powerful tool to study the frequency behavior of supercapacitors, but it comes with pricy hardware and postprocessing routines. Here we present a non-impedance method to extract the fractional-order model parameters (Rs, Cα, α) of a supercapacitor-assumed to be equivalent to a series association of a resistance with a constant phase element-using the magnitude response...
Ultracapacitors (UCs) are the significant component of the energy storage systems (ESS) in the electric traction applications. In the field of electric transportation the UCs need to be modeled dynamically in order to capture real-time characteristics. The model should provide precise estimation of UC responses to various charge/discharge conditions and also predict the behavior of UCs under varied...
This paper deals with design and simulation of a hybrid electrical energy storage (HEES) for Esfahan urban railway under regenerative braking condition. The HEES presented in this paper, is comprised of battery and supercapacitor. The capacity of the supercapacitor and battery is calculated based on regenerative braking energy from each train considering other trains acceleration, normal traveling,...
All hybrid electric systems require a strategy of energy management to share out the flow of energy between its several sources or storage devices. In this work we propose a constrained Model Predictive Controller to distribute the energy in a battery/ultracapacitor hybrid system. The studied system is used as a power supply/storage system in electric and hybrid electric vehicles and the proposed...
This paper presents the design and implementation of a standalone photovoltaic (PV) system using ultracapacitors as an energy storage unit. Ultracapacitors offer a high power density and long life cycle and could improve PV systems efficiency when subjected to peak loads. The setup is used to evaluate the direct parallel connection between the PV panel and the ultracapacitors bank without additional...
A battery-ultracapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) combines the advantages of both Li-ion batteries and ultracapacitors. Li-ion batteries sustain a relatively long electric only driving range but degrade if exposed to high C-rates and large number of cycles. Ultracapacitors are robust, have a quasi infinite cycle life and can sustain highly dynamic power profiles. This paper proposes a HESS...
The actual trend in automotive is to reduce as much as possible pollution caused by motor vehicle emissions. This could be achieved by using electrical propulsion systems which usually contains: electrical machine, three phase voltage source inverter (VSI), voltage supply system. The main problem of the full electric vehicles represents the autonomy due to low energy capacity of batteries. This issue...
An energy-management system (EMS) for a Neighborhood Electric Vehicle (NEV) prototype of the Applied Electronics Group at the National University of Rio Cuarto is presented. The main source of energy of the NEV is a bank of lead-acid batteries, while the secondary source is a module supercapacitors. The complete system is first described, and then the energy management strategy is designed to reduce...
This paper presents two of the most promising compact energy storage types, Li-ion batteries and ultracapacitors, for grid applications. Different types of lithium-ion batteries are discussed and compared and a generic electrical model for this type of batteries is presented, which models the battery dynamics, capacity, efficiency, and performance. Characteristics and electrical equivalent model of...
In order to capture real-time characteristics of ultracapacitors (UCs), especially for electric transportation applications, they need to be modeled dynamically. Dynamic models provide accurate estimation of UC charge/discharge responses to varied inputs. Dynamic models are useful in predicting the behavior of UCs under varied load conditions. Also, it is critical to build an accurate UC model, which...
In this work, the design of a hybrid DC power system for pulse load applications is considered. In micro grid power systems, pulse loads are particularly problematic since the load short-time power demands are very high and the total system inertia is finite. The requirements of the system in terms of power and energy were described. Also, the design aspects of the two commonly used configurations...
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