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The uncertainties of the predicted load demand and N-K contingencies are very significant aspects to composite generation and transmission expansion planning (CGTEP). In this paper, multi-contingency constrained CGTEP with load uncertainty was analyzed from stringent mathematical view and formulated as a tri-level optimization model. To effectively solve the tri-level optimization, the entire problem...
Based on the current practice of charging peak demand, an expectation-oriented stochastic model is established for the demand contracting decision of electricity users. The resultant optimization problem is proved to be nonlinear but convex. Thus, the first-order optimality condition of the proposed model, which leads to an integral equation founded on the probability density function of the peak...
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