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•Anatomy of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine is described. •Fractures involving the odontoid process, vertebral body, pedicles, facet, or lamina require orthopedic or neurosurgical referral. •Fractures involving the spinous process or transverse process on the thoracic or lumbar spine may be treated by the nurse practitioner. •Possible cervical spine injury may be evaluated using the Canadian...
BACKGROUNDDespite advances in neuroimaging and neurosurgical treatment, spinal epidural abscess remains a challenging problem; early diagnosis is often difficult and treatment is delayed. Optimal management is unclear, and morbidity and mortality are significant. To define contemporary trends in etiology and management, and establish diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines, we reviewed our 10-year experience...
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