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Problematic command and control situations are often characterized with high levels of uncertainty and severe time constraints. In time compressed situations where only a limited number of information can be considered by the decision-maker, it becomes critical that the information available is the most relevant for taking action in that situation. This paper presents a Framework for the Analysis...
Situation-aware case-based decision support (SACBDS) systems comprise two distinct parts: situation awareness (SA) and case-based reasoning (CBR). The SA part keeps a finite history of the time space information of the domain and uses rules to interpret cues from the environment with respect to an individual user's context, and then anticipates future situations by performing statistical inference...
We investigated the effects of a decision aid designed to support the development of effective long term strategies when seeking to influence a complex adaptive system. The experiment compared a test condition with feedforward support (i.e., outcome projection) against a baseline condition both in terms of cognitive processing and goal attainment (i.e., strategy efficiency). Results show that the...
Humans make decisions on the basis of their situation awareness and it is well-known that insufficient situation awareness leads to incorrect decisions. The challenge of an advanced surveillance system for supporting situation awareness of a human decision maker is therefore to detect and assess complex situations that evolve over time. In this article, we present a conceptual framework for automatic...
Classical models of Situation Awareness (SA) describe it as a process involving self-agency, or as rooted in [externally directed] consciousness operating in a perceptual cycle. These models are robust for dynamic situations where events unfold gradually in the temporal dimension at a rate that is compatible with the ability of the human agent to process information, and where this information processing...
An essential part in the construction of a mental picture of a situation is our ability to represent, assess and judge on the skill and competency level of a player, an agent, or any entity that makes decisions. Augmented with a suitable reasoning framework, this ability would allow us to diagnose the competency level of a player through real-time monitoring of their actions. The first key question...
For this paper, we examine the challenges to the formalization of agent SA in the context of human (or traditional) SA and the value added by agent SA. We hypothesize about how an agent can generate and maintain Level 2 and Level 3 SA and how that should be represented internally for the agent. Additionally, we consider the relationship between the human operator and agent to theorize how agent SA...
Situation awareness (SA) is a prerequisite to timely and accurate decision-making in the fast and highly stressful context of infantry operational environments. The introduction of electronic support technologies onto the battlefield is expected to improve SA by providing the right information, at the right time, and in the right format. In the cur rent paper, we report a systematic and innovative...
The decisions made by the operation commander in emergency situations should be made quickly to save lives. To avoid late or bad decisions, the commander must construct a situational awareness. The irregular arrival flow of information, uncertainty, information overload and lack of persistence are the main factors that hinder this task. To minimize these effects we propose an architecture composed...
Situation awareness is the perception of environmental elements within a volume of time and space, the comprehension of their meaning, and the projection of their status in the near future. The quality of situation awareness directly affects the decision making process for human soldiers in Military Operations on Urban Terrain (MOUT). It is therefore important to accurately model situation awareness...
This paper discusses relationship between Situation Awareness and aviation accident, and proposed SA-oriented Design process for human-machine interface design. After some common designing principles, we discuss emphatically on the 10 levels of automation, and dynamic functional allocation that combines the human and machine generation is preferred.
We argue that a critical component of designing comprehensible intelligent systems is finding the right applications for intelligence and designing intelligent solutions toward those applications. While we do not refute the value of good attention to later stages of human-centered design such as the application of human interface design principles and usability testing as methods for improving comprehensibility,...
Todaypsilas military and humanitarian operations involve multiple partners and agencies and rely on information culled from a variety of different sources, including humans, sensors, robots, etc. Efficient, timely exchange and evaluation of information is required for effective operations. However, the sheer volume of information prohibits integration of incoming information for the situation awareness...
Todaypsilas asymmetric threats put new challenges on military decision making. As new technology develops we have new possibilities to support decision making in such environments. However, it is important that the tools developed take into account userspsila (commanderspsila) decision needs. This paper presents some initial user studies of Swedish commanders testing a prototype application developed...
The use of technology to assist human decision making has been around for quite some time now. In the literature, models of both technological and human aspects of this support can be identified. However, we argue that there is a need for a unified model which synthesizes and extends existing models. In this paper, we give two perspectives on situation analysis: a technological perspective and a human...
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