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The institutional driver, i.e., the relaxation and reform in the hukou system, is considered the most important factor in the increasing mobility in post-reform China in the literature. This paper argues that the above institutional factor was influential in the initial increase of migration in the 1980s. Subsequent increase in the migration scale from 1990 to 2000 was driven largely by rapid and...
Since the early 1980s, a large number of rural migrants have moved into Chinese cities. Most rural migrants are not granted permanent household registration in the city and are only registered temporarily. The temporary population refers to such rural migrants. They have a low social and economic status and do not enjoy many social welfare and economic opportunities reserved for the permanent urban...
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