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As the power consumption of a server system becomes a mainstream concern in enterprise environments, understanding the system's power behavior at varying utilization levels provides us a key to select appropriate energy-efficiency optimizations. In this work, we present an in-depth analysis of 177 SPECpower_ssj2008 results published between 2007-2010 to understand the changes of server's power behavior...
In today's IT computing era, there is shift to aggregate computing resources into data centers (DC) shared by pool of users. With the increasing popularity of cloud computing, this pool of users are now more global than any-time in the past The resource demand of these users are inadvertently governed by strict “service level agreements”. In this paradigm, data centers' operational energy costs are...
In order to develop a data center power efficiency index, we built a test bed of a data center and measured power components and environmental variables in some detail, including the power consumption and temperature of each node, rack and air conditioning unit, as well as load on the CPU, Disk I/O and the network. In these measurements we found that there was a significant imbalance of CPU temperatures...
In this paper, we present a power/energy profiling framework for collecting and analyzing energy consumption data in compute clouds. We implement a prototype of our profiling framework and test it in a cloud computing environment. By measuring the power/ energy consumption with various combinations of system configuration and settings, we build knowledge of the extent to which each factor influences...
We introduce a high-fidelity simulation model to evaluate the power consumption of computer networks derived from measured data on routers. To this end, we design and use a power consumption profiling system to parameterize the electrical power consumption of network elements in terms of data traffic. A model validation done by comparing simulation outputs for a test case with actual measurements...
With growing cost of electricity, the power management of server clusters has become an important problem. Most existing research, however, either do not apply to virtualized environments or do not focus on power-efficient workload distribution. To fill in this research gap, we propose a workload distribution algorithm for virtualized server clusters to reduce their power consumptions and provide...
Cooling power occupies large portion of power consumption in a Data Center. Improving efficiency of cooling is one of the most efficient ways to reduce power consumption in a Data Center. However it is not obvious how we can find out sufficient but not too much operation of cooling facility. In this paper, we measure temperature of racks, servers and processors and power consumption of IT equipment...
We have to reduce the total electrical power consumption in information systems. In this paper, we consider communication based applications where a server transmits a large volume of data to a client like file transfer protocol (FTP). We discuss a power consumption model for communication-based applications, where the total power consumption of a server depends on the total transmission rate and...
Power consumption has become one of the most important design considerations for modern high density servers. To avoid system failures caused by power capacity overload or overheating, system-level power management is required. This kind of management needs to control power consumption precisely. Conventional solutions to this problem mostly rely on feedback controllers which only concern the power...
We construct energy optimization policies for a server cluster, using statistical data analyses and demand prediction methodologies, with an aim to reduce the power consumption of the server cluster. In doing so, we monitor and analyze the historical time-series utilization data of a server cluster. Based on the analyses results, we develop predictions about utilization of servers for future time...
Along with the increased awareness of energy cost, power management becomes a big issue for clusters. In this study, we investigate the workload aware power management techniques for cluster systems and propose a new power management policy. The considered power management techniques are dynamic workload consolidation and usage of dynamic power range enabled by low power states on servers. The power...
Cloud providers, like Amazon, offer their data centers' computational and storage capacities for lease to paying customers. High electricity consumption, associated with running a data center, not only reflects on its carbon footprint, but also increases the costs of running the data center itself. This paper addresses the problem of maximizing the revenues of Cloud providers by trimming down their...
Reducing the power consumption while maintaining the response time constraint has been an important goal in server system design. One of the techniques widely explored in the literature to achieve this goal is Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS). However, DVS is not efficient in modern systems where the overall power consumption includes a large portion of static power consumption. In this paper, we aim...
With the increase of high performance computing systems' scale, the power consumption of HPC systems greatly increase, among which the power consumption of massive storage system occupies an important role. Measurements and analyses of massive storage system are significant for reducing the power consumption of storage system. Tianhe-1 comes in at No.5 in Nov. 2009 Top500 list with the highest ranking...
Server consolidation based on virtualization is an important technique for improving power efficiency and resource utilization in cloud infrastructures. However, to ensure satisfactory performance on shared resources under changing application workloads, dynamic management of the resource pool via online adaptation is critical. The inherent tradeoffs between power and performance as well as between...
In recent years there has been renewal of interest in the relation between Green IT and High Performance Computing. The growing use of supercomputers has caused marked energy burden, putting negative pressure on electricity cost of computing centers. Scientists could foresee that the power consumption of computing facilities will double, triple, or even more in the next decade. Each year more and...
The high power consumption of cluster computing infrastructures has become a major concern. It leads to the increased heat dissipation and decreased reliability of cluster servers. Power management becomes a critical issue in cluster computing. In this paper, we start with an analysis of the relationship between cluster performance and power consumption. We study both the problem of minimizing the...
It is now critical to reduce the consumption of natural resources, especially petroleum. Even in information systems, we have to reduce the total electrical power consumption. We classify network applications to two types of applications, transaction and communication based ones. In this paper, we consider communication based applications like the file transfer protocol (FTP). A computer named server...
In order to realize eco societies, we have to reduce the total electrical power consumption in information systems. We classify network applications to transaction and communication based applications. While CPU resources of servers are mainly consumed in the transaction based ones, a large volume of data is transmitted by a server to a client in the communication based ones like file transfer protocol...
In this paper we study the power consumption of networked devices in a large Campus network, focusing mainly on PC usage. We first define a methodology to monitor host power state, which we then apply to our Campus network. Results show that typically people refrain from turning off their PC during non-working hours so that more than 1500 PCs are always powered on, causing a large energy waste. We...
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