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The usage of threshold voltage (Vth) compensation techniques allows to decrease the input quality factor of RF-DC power converters or more specifically RF charge pumps at low levels of input power, and thus enable the implementation of highly sensitive broadband UHF radiofrequency identification (RFID) transponders (tags). In this work, we present a Vth compensation approach using a combination of...
Circuit techniques termed as threshold voltage (Vth) compensation are utilized for CMOS RF-DC power converters or more specifically RF charge pumps to improve the power conversion efficiency at low levels of RF input voltage. In this work, we present two differential RF charge pumps for UHF RFID transponder ICs that include a Vth compensation. The first circuit uses gate biasing for Vth compensation,...
This paper discusses and compares the design of two high-efficiency 4-stage voltage-doubler UHF RFID rectifier operating at 915 MHz. The first rectifier uses conventional 180-nm CMOS transistors applying a technique of internal cancellation in order to compensate the high value of their threshold voltages (Vth). The second proposed rectifier uses zero-Vth transistors, which are available in a 130...
A high-efficiency CMOS rectifier with low start-up voltage for ultra-high-frequency (UHF) radio-frequency identification (RFID) applications is presented. To enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the conventional rectifier when the input voltage (power) is low, appropriate gate-drive voltages for each stage of the rectifier are generated using a chain of auxiliary floating rectifier cells...
Current RFID systems rely on the RF transciever to transmit information and convert RF power to DC to operate any integrated digital circuits. Research investigating the application of RF signals directly on digital CMOS circuits without RF-DC conversion is an emerging area for RFID technologies. One crucial digital circuit for most RFID systems is memory, needed for storing operational instructions...
This paper presents a multi frequency power scavenging unit dedicated but not exclusively designed for supplying RFID transponders and wireless sensor nodes. The power scavenging unit converts the incoming AC power into DC power (from 1MHz up to 2.45GHz). The circuit is used in a fully-passive multi frequency RFID transponder according to the EPC HF and EPC Class 1 Gen 2 UHF standard and is developed...
This brief proposes the analysis and design of a high-efficiency differential radio-frequency (RF) front-end for electronic-product-code second-generation-compatible RF identification tags. By studying the operating mechanism of an N-stage rectifier using a dynamic compensation technique, we propose a steady-state model to predict its output voltage and power conversion efficiency (PCE). The model...
In UHF RFID tag IC, multiple charge-pump stages are needed to form a rectifier for achieving a sufficiently high output voltage to supply the other circuit blocks. To save chip area and achieve a high output voltage simultaneously, the number of charge-pump stages should be optimized in accordance with the amplitude of the RF input signal. In this paper, an analysis on the relation between the output...
This paper presents a low-power multi-standard frontend for passive wireless RFID based sensor networks. The CMOS only frontend is implemented in a 0.13 μm CMOS technology. It includes a highly efficient rectifier for UHF and HF to supply the digital logic, the integrated sensor interface and the necessary auxiliary circuits like a low-power voltage/current reference and the local oscillator...
This paper presents a high efficient multi-stages full-wave RF to DC rectifier for RFID applications. The proposed converter employs diode-connected transistors with gate to drain bootstrapping capacitor to overcome threshold drop of voltage. Rectifying transistors are biased in triode region to improve the driving capability of the circuit while they operate at lower input voltages. Bulk biasing...
This paper describes a CMOS Linear Voltage Regulator (LVR) of an implanted physiological signal system (biosensor) that is used to monitor blood pressure. This system is part of a Wireless Biomedical Sensor (WBS). The LVR topology is based on a classical structure of a Low Dropout Regulator (LDO). The energy is received from a RF link, thus operating as a passive RFID tag. The LVR was designed to...
Printed electronics is considered a promising technology for low-cost electronics due to its low cost per unit area, typically offered at the expense of degraded performance. Using a combination of synthetic nanoparticles, organic semiconductors, and novel printing techniques, we demonstrate a range of printed electronic devices including transistors, passive components, and a range of chemical sensors...
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