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Since its definition, RPL (the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks) has been emerging as the standard protocol for routing in Internet of Things (IoT) solutions. RPL is a proactive routing protocol that performs the process of route creation based on Objective Functions (OFs). The OFs are responsible for defining rules and constraints to select the best paths considering different...
Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) is emerging lots of attention due to its various types of characteristics and applications. Distinctive underwater characteristics leads to many challenges such as-high propagation delay, data losses, nodes mobility, localization, nodes deployment while designing any reliable and efficient routing protocol. In this paper, an extension of CDBR (Forwarding nodes...
Multipath interference or route coupling is a severe issue in multipath routing schemes of wireless sensor networks. Due to that, quality of data transmission is impossible in wireless sensor network (WSN) or heterogeneous wireless sensor network (HTWSN). Multipath routing is having many features over single path routing, but it is highly prone to multipath interference. The existing multipath routing...
In challenged networks, such as opportunistic networks or Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs), due to frequent network partition an end-to-end connection between source and destination may not always be possible due to nodes move unpredictably with high speeds. For such type of networks, traditional routing protocols fails to transmit and also no guarantee on delivery of data to specified destination because...
A wide range of services has been developed for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), ranging from safety to infotainment applications. An essential requirement for such services is that they are offered with quality of service (QoS) guarantees in terms of service reliability and availability. Searching for feasible routes subject to multiple QoS constraints is, in general, an NP-hard problem. Moreover,...
Underwater sensor networks (USNs) has many characteristics different from terrestrial wireless sensor networks (WSNs), such as dynamic network topology, unreliable acoustic communication, which increases the difficulty in energy efficiency and reliability of data transmission, for traditional WSN protocols are not suitable for underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs). Vector based forwarding (VBF)...
Vector based forwarding (VBF) routing protocol is a location-based energy efficient routing protocol designed for underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs). In this paper a VBF-improved routing protocol is proposed, which uses not only the information of location but also the residual energy and the number of retransmission in last cycle to make decision whether to make data forwarding. According...
In order to increase the network latency and resolve the security bottlenecks induced by the camouflaged malicious nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks, the residual energy and trust values are used to form a secured clustering, the network lifetime is increased by using the backup nodes in order to distribute the load among the secured clusters and reliable multipath node disjoint route discovery algorithm...
In this paper, a reliable routing protocol for underwater acoustic sensor networks is proposed, which uses both the information of position and residual energy of intermediate node to make decision of data forwarding. Compared to previous vector-based routing protocol, evenly energy consumption and more reliable data transmission are provided.
To solve the problem of congestion which often occurs in the process of the large data transmission in large-scale wireless senator networks, a multipath routing protocol based on congestion control mechanism implemented by cross-layer design concept is proposed. Realizing the multipath routing protocol on the basis of AODV protocol, congestion control mechanism with active congestion avoidance, real-time...
The reliable delivery of data is important in designing Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) employed for critical applications such as e-health. In order to communicate the data reliably from the sensors to the base station, the data transmission technique (star or multi-hop) and the transmission power plays a very important role. As transmission power is increased, transmission distance is increased...
Our developed protocol Energy Aware Mesh Routing EMRP is a robust, cluster-based routing technique used in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). It can provide a reliable, scalable, energy efficient multipath routing mechanism for data transmission to Base Station (BS). This scheme is also classified as a routing technique supporting virtualization WSN (VSN) as it can share network resources between different...
In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), multi-path routing can find multiple paths from source node to sink node. In data transmission, multiple paths can be used to improve reliability, energy-efficiency, etc. In the literature, there have been many works about multi-path routing. But those multi-path routing protocols are not efficient as they cost much time and energy to construct multiple paths. In...
In wireless sensor networks due to its strict resource constraints (with a lower energy, weak processing power), routing protocols should be simple and efficient as the goal, to maximize the extension of the life cycle of the entire wireless network. This paper presents a cross-layer optimization algorithm with the integration of MAC layer and routing layer to meet the requirements of energy-efficiency...
In this paper, a cluster-based data gathering algorithm ECDGA for mobile wireless sensor networks is proposed. Network model includes mobile nodes and fixed nodes. The former constructs cluster by self-organizing according to the distance between the fixed nodes nearby and themselves. The latter selects cluster head in accordance with the residual energy and location of the mobile nodes around, and...
The traditional wireless sensor networks based on minimum hop routing (MHR) protocol have the disadvantage of short stable period of minimum hop gradient field (MHGF), this would lead to the data sinking unreliable easily. In this paper, in order to improve the reliability of data sinking, a minimum hop routing wireless sensor network based on link reliability guaranteed (MHR-LR) is proposed. In the...
In many wireless sensor network applications have a demand for high reliability transmission, in view of this need to design and achieve a reliable multi-path routing (RMR) protocol is a suitable application for wireless sensor network. In the trunk path failure through the path of transmission of data backup methods, the routing protocol improves reliability of data transmissions by the agreement...
Congestion avoid in wireless sensor networks is a critical issue, it will not only affect transmission reliability, and will waste valuable energy resources. In order to reduce the wireless sensor network routing instability, we proposed a novel altering routing congestion control protocol for wireless sensor networks (CAAR). In this paper, we develop: 1) based on cognition detection technology to...
Aiming at reliable data delivery in wireless sensor networks, virtual multipath routing (VMR) protocol is proposed. The defining aspect it differs from the traditional ones is it integrates path quality probing, data transmission and route optimization together. In this protocol, multiple paths are engaged in data delivery; meanwhile accumulated transmission times (ATT) of each packet from source...
This paper proposes a fast forward medium access control protocol (FFMAC) for quality-of-service (QoS) guarantee in multihop IEEE 802.11s wireless mesh networks with multiple channels. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed protocol is the first one which considers the multihop and multichannel issues simultaneously. It provides higher priority for real-time applications, while remaining the distributed...
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