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Event-based optimization (EBO) is a general method for solving optimization problems in discrete event dynamic systems (DEDS). The performance of event-based optimization is closely related to the selection of events, which can be formulated into an optimization problem. The proper ways to select events can be obtained by solving this problem. However, the solution space is huge and the structure...
As renewable energy becomes a larger fraction of the overall energy mix in the US, energy storage technology and its efficient deployment will be increasingly necessary. This work examines a small-scale microgrid which supplies renewable energy to a single building with both electric (battery) and thermal (hot-water) energy storage. The building contains a mix of apartments and one commercial kitchen,...
In this study, the problems of modeling, energy dispatching and Photovoltaic (PV) array energy priorities for a grid connected residential house with PV array and battery storage using model predictive control (MPC) have been investigated. Artificial neural network (ANN) based global solar radiation forecast was used to plan in advance for periods of low sunshine. MPC was able to reduce electricity...
Electric mobility is assuming a central role in the new world energy scenario where Renewable Energy Sources (RES) have increased their contribution to the electricity production, mainly due to the fact they are characterized by a reduced environmental impact; in the aforesaid context, Electric Vehicles (EVs) can play a significant role to facilitate the integration of RES into the power grid, also...
Energy storage systems have supported the Telecom, Utility, and Data Center markets for nearly 100 years. This paper will review the traditional storage systems and technologies by using matrices which characterize the product solutions benefits and weaknesses. Other critical characteristics such as energy density, floor loading, will be compared and contrasted. Examples of new system architectures...
This paper deals with the investigation and economic evaluation of power supply systems in residential buildings with different shares of renewable energy in different years, different regulatory boundary conditions and cost digression estimations. A linear programming approach is selected for the determination of technical and economical capabilities of this energy system. By investigating and simulating...
We address a design of Building Energy Management System (BEMS) that exploits the different energy carriers and achieves reliable power supply to a critical load. The BEMS of our interest includes a Fuel Cell (FC) hydrogen coproduction unit, a FC Vehicle (FCV), a photo-voltaic generation unit, and a battery unit as distributed energy sources, and handles different energy carriers which are a key enabler...
Renewable Energy Sources (RES) have become an alternative form of energy in distribution networks. The 2010/31/EU Directive requires each new building to be highly energy efficient, with a large portion of its energy needs to be supplied by RES either locally or from a nearby source, from 2020 onwards. This paper emphasizes on the optimal utilization of the Photovoltaic (PV) energy produced in a building...
In this paper, the problem of dispatching the operation of a distribution feeder comprising a set of heterogeneous resources is investigated. In particular, the main objective is to track a 5-minute resolution trajectory, called the dispatch plan that is computed one day before the beginning of operation. During real-time operation, due to the stochasticity of part of the resources in the feeder portfolio,...
The combination of residential photovoltaic (PV) panels and battery energy storage system (BESS) is a promising solution in a building's microgrid. This paper presents an optimal energy management system (EMS) to minimize the electricity bill of residential buildings. The objective is to achieve peak shaving and electrical energy cost minimization for the owner, making use of a dynamic energy pricing...
This paper presents a convex optimization-based control method for sustainable communities with multiple buildings served by a central cooling plant and with on-site solar generation and batteries. A model predictive control (MPC) approach is used to optimally schedule the energy flows among the different energy sources, on-site battery and building end users to achieve the minimum operation cost...
The popularity of low voltage DC distribution system has increased in many countries such as the UK due to technological advances in power electronics. This is a promising feature for the future smart-grid distribution system because of its high efficiency and reliability. Hence some of the UK engineers are looking into the possibility of rolling out low voltage DC distribution in mainly commercial...
Engineering education is undergoing a restructuring driven by the needs of an increasingly multidisciplinary engineering profession. At the same time, power systems are transitioning toward future smart grids that will require power engineers with skills outside of the core power engineering domain. Since including new topics in the existing curriculum while maintaining the existing requirements is...
Rising trend towards urbanization has resulted in the emergence of urban buildings as major energy consumers. This has increased the burden on the grid which may eventually result into severely interrupted power supply and outages. In order to assist the over-burdened grid, a modified concept of zero energy buildings (ZEBs), which consist of individual generation systems, has been developed. In order...
Energy management through Demand Response (DR) is one of the effective techniques, which can be implemented in a way beneficial to both the consumer and the utility in a smart grid environment. Generally, the maximum demand allowed by the utility and the penalty imposed, if used above the allowed limit, are taken as major parameters for the energy management in DR programs. This paper proposes a time...
This paper examines the concept of utilizing plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) and solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in large non-residential buildings for peak shaving and valley filling the power consumption profile, given that the energy cost of commercial electricity customers typically depends on both actual consumption and peak power demand within the billing period. Specifically, it describes...
LoRaWAN is a relatively recent Low-Power Wide Area Network specification intended to support wireless battery operated devices for low data rate applications such as infrastructure monitoring, transportation, asset tracking, security, and health care. While it is clear that heavily built- up areas such as the Central Business District (CBD) of typical cities offer the greatest density of potential...
Nowadays, the energy consumption of information and communication technology (ICT) devices became more and more dominant factor of electricity consumption of the offices, therefore supplying these devices from renewable sources can help to improve the energy efficiency and makes the offices greener. On the other hand, the mobile devices (laptop computers, tablets smartphones) have become more popular...
This paper presents an architecture for digitally managing dc power distribution within a building using a network model, a system for simulating specific systems, and results from initial use of the model. The architecture implements the Local Power Distribution model [7] based on networks of nanogrids, with local prices as the mechanism for determining the direction, magnitude, and timing of power...
The European Commission published the climate and energy package “20 20 20” with the principle scope of reducing the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and increasing the production from renewable energy sources (RES). Electric Vehicles (EVs) contribute to lower the GHG emissions, as they produce no exhaust gas as opposed to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. The present study is focused on the...
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